Ignitable Liquid Classification and Identification Using the Summed-Ion Mass Spectrum

Abstract

The mass spectra calculated by summing the intensities of each nominal mass over all chromatographic times, the summed ion spectra, were calculated for a set of 440 commercially available ignitable liquids that had been analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Each ignitable liquid is generally comprised of a mixture of chemicals, and the mixtures may be very complex in some cases, e.g., petroleum distillates, gasoline, etc. The summed ion spectra were evaluated to determine if they contained sufficient information content to allow their use for rapid and accurate identification of the ignitable liquid in a database or library. The summed ion nominal mass spectra were encoded in one bit per channel at 1% transition intensity and a set of 96,580 unique pairwise comparisons were made between spectra, resulting in an average of approximately 50 differing channels per comparison. A subset of 62 summed ion spectra were further compared by a similarity metric and found by cluster analysis to group closely along the ASTM ignitable liquid classification scheme. Receiver operator characteristic analysis of the use of the similarity index in combination with the summed ion spectra was shown to provide 99% probability of correct liquid identification and 95% probability of correct ASTM classification by primary and sub-class. Interlaboratory tests found 95% probability of correct liquid identification and 85% probability of correct ASTM classification at the primary class level. These results demonstrate the use of the summed ion spectrum as a first step in the rapid identification of an ignitable liquid by database or library searching.     

液滴在热液相介质中上升汽化时的传热与传质

本文分析了液滴在不互溶的液相介质中上升汽化时的传热和传质,导出了数模,进行了数值求解,获知在泡滴与液相接触的汽液边界处温度下降和浓度升高,存在着溶液的过冷(或过饱和)边界层。实验结果与数模计算结果表明,该模型能够较好地预測液滴汽化的整体特性。     

液氢管路绝热设计与效果分析

通过总结液氢管路绝热设计和使用的经验,着重分析了夹层气体压强与漏热和表观导热系数以及气体压强回升与时间的定量关系,提出了工程设计中绝热性能及真空寿命的确定方法.     

液芯有机光纤的研制

研制出了液态有机光纤.结果表明,有机溶液的拉曼光谱与普通样品池的方法相比,其强度增加102倍以上.     

液位测控系统的可靠性设计

以系统的可靠性为目标对液位测控系统进行综合设计和技术改进。通过对软、硬件功能的合理分配和对关键技术难点解决方案的选择，以及兼容设计、降额设计、抗干扰设计等可靠性保障技术的应用提高了小型液位测控系统的技术指标和可靠性指标。同时，本文也为其它小型智能化仪表的可靠性保障设计提供了一种思路和方法。     

An Analytical Equation of State for Alkaline Earth Metals

In this work, an analytical equation of state based on statistical mechanical perturbation theory, which was initially developed for normal fluids and can be applied to predict the P–V–T data for saturated liquid alkaline earth metals, is presented. The equation of state is that of Ihm, Song, and Mason, and the temperature-dependent parameters of the equation of state are calculated from a corresponding-states correlation as functions of the reduced temperature. Two scaling constants are sufficient for this purpose, the surface tension and the liquid density at the melting point. The equation of state is used to predict the saturated liquid density of molten alkaline earth metals from the melting point up to 2000 K, for which experimental data exist, within an accuracy of 5%.     

Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles about Doped Rare Earth and Its Composites

The magnetic liquid was prepared with ferric salt by inorganic gel technology. The effect of the doped rare earth elements on the properties of magnetic particles was analyzed. The magnetic liquid was composed with clay mineral into magnetic mineral composites. The crystal structure and micro-morphology of the nanoparticles were studied by XRD and TEM. The results show that the crystal structure of the magnetic particles doped 0.5 % of lanthanum is more complete, and the magnetic response capability is higher with doping agent. At the same time, the possibility of the clay mineral magnetic composites as the carrier of target drug was probed.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对酸诱导液相沉积体系中GeO_2颗粒形貌的影响

在室温下,通过酸诱导液相沉积的方法,制备出了二氧化锗(GeO2)颗粒。制得的GeO2颗粒通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)进行表征。实验结果表明,向前驱液中加入酸,可以诱导锗酸根离子转化成立方体型的GeO2颗粒析出。而向反应液中再加入少量的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)后,会析出纺锤体型的GeO2晶体颗粒。     

高放废液中^126Sn的放化分析

以甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)萃取为主要步骤,放化分离高放废液中的~(126)Sn。全流程化学回收率约为60%。以SnO_2形式制成测量源,用HPGe γ谱仪测取γ谱图,由~(126)Sn的子体特征γ能峰面积,经化学回收率、探测效率校正后,计算得到高放废液中~(126)Sn的含量为371±29 Bq/ml。~(126)Sn的放射性活度约为高放废液总活度的4×10~(-7)。