机械结构相似度评价及可靠性预计研究

在用传统的相似产品法进行可靠性预计时,所选取的相似产品与评价对象之间差异较大,会造成预计结果的偏差较大。为解决这一问题,提出了一种基于"功能—运动—动作"结构化分解的可靠性预计新方法。通过明确产品的各大运动功能建立功能层,分析完成各功能的机械部件运动建立运动层,确定实现各机械部件运动的元动作运动单元建立元动作层,建立了可靠性预计的"功能—运动—元动作运动单元"层次模型。引入区间层次分析法,确定了"功能—运动—元动作运动单元"层次模型中各子代运动单元对父代运动单元的可靠性影响权重,并构建了由子代运动单元预计父代运动单元可靠性的数学模型。确定影响评价机械结构相似度的因素,构建了区间数综合评判云模型并选取与元动作运动单元相似的参考结构,以区间数综合评价云模型得出的相似度值修正参考结构的可靠性数据来预计元动作运动单元的可靠性。将元动作运动单元的可靠性预计值代入数学模型,层层预计父代运动单元的可靠性,从而得出整个产品的可靠性水平。最后以数控转台为例进行了分析,得出了可靠性预计值,并将该方法与传统方法进行了比较。结果表明,新的可靠性预计方法具有较好的可行性和较高的准确性。     

Designing Metallic and Insulating Nanocrystal Heterostructures to Fabricate Highly Sensitive and Solution Processed Strain Gauges for Wearable Sensors

All‐solution processed, high‐performance wearable strain sensors are demonstrated using heterostructure nanocrystal (NC) solids. By incorporating insulating artificial atoms of CdSe quantum dot NCs into metallic artificial atoms of Au NC thin film matrix, metal–insulator heterostructures are designed. This hybrid structure results in a shift close to the percolation threshold, modifying the charge transport mechanism and enhancing sensitivity in accordance with the site percolation theory. The number of electrical pathways is also manipulated by creating nanocracks to further increase its sensitivity, inspired from the bond percolation theory. The combination of the two strategies achieves gauge factor up to 5045, the highest sensitivity recorded among NC‐based strain gauges. These strain sensors show high reliability, durability, frequency stability, and negligible hysteresis. The fundamental charge transport behavior of these NC solids is investigated and the combined site and bond percolation theory is developed to illuminate the origin of their enhanced sensitivity. Finally, all NC‐based and solution‐processed strain gauge sensor arrays are fabricated, which effectively measure the motion of each finger joint, the pulse of heart rate, and the movement of vocal cords of human. This work provides a pathway for designing low‐cost and high‐performance electronic skin or wearable devices.     

Optimization of correlated multi-response quality engineering by the upside-down normal loss function

Most of the published literature on robust design is basically concerned with a single response. However, the reality is that common industrial problems usually involve several quality characteristics, which are often correlated. Traditional approaches to multidimensional quality do not offer much information on how much better or worse a process is when finding optimal settings. Köksoy and Fan [Engineering Optimization 44 (8): 935–945] pointed out that the upside-down normal loss function provides a more reasonable risk assessment to the losses of being off-target in product engineering research. However, they only consider the single-response case. This article generalizes their idea to more than one response under possible correlations and co-movement effects of responses on the process loss. The response surface methodology has been adapted, estimating the expected multivariate upside-down normal loss function of a multidimensional system to find the optimal control factor settings of a given problem. The procedure and its merits are illustrated through an example.     

不同形貌Ti-O基纳米结构的可控制备与形成机制探讨

利用碱辅助水热法实现了Ti-O基纳米管、纳米带和纳米结构微球的合成,通过TEM、SEM等手段对所制备的纳米结构进行表征。当采用商品级锐钛矿TiO2为原料,热水处理温度为180℃、碱的浓度为10mol/L,热处理48h时可以得到Ti-O基纳米带。纳米带宽度为50~200nm,长度达到几十微米甚至一百多微米;产物产率高,质量好,结晶良好,表面洁净,无缺陷。当热处理温度为120℃时,可以得到Ti-O基纳米管,纳米管的长度为200~500nm,外径在20~50nm之间。当所用前驱体的粒径较小时,容易形成较细或者较窄的纳米带或者纳米线,当在选用前驱体的粒径较大时,可以生成纳米结构微球。     

基于AEM法的爆破拆除倒塌过程的数值模拟

利用应用单元法(AEM法),以含填充墙的某多层框架结构定向爆破拆除为例,进行倒塌过程的数值模拟。结果表明:在框架结构爆破切口形成后,结构由于重力作用逐渐沿横向偏转,并在横向最外侧的一排柱上形成活动铰,产生翻转倒塌,模拟结果与实际倒塌结果基本相符。在倒塌的过程中,结构爆破切口的横向很快进入大变形倒塌,同时引起横向隔墙的平面失去稳定而倒塌。落地的倒塌碎块,在纵向产生150kN左右的峰值冲击力,在横向产生30~50kN的峰值冲击力。基于仿真结果,可以定量设置防护措施,避免安全隐患。     

0.618法最优确定盘状摆动凸轮机构的最小基圆半径

在满足机构许用压力角条件下,采用０．６１８法最优确定盘状摆动凸轮机械的最小基圆半径。     

电镀塑料制品对结构设计及成形工艺的要求

为保证电镀塑料制品的质量,提出了符合电镀要求的塑料制品设计原则,并且指出在注塑成形时,对塑料经过充分干燥,采用较高的注塑温度,较低的注射压力和较慢的注射速度,是使镀层获得良好结合强度的先决条件。     

Memory effects of all‐solution‐processed oxide thin‐film transistors using ZnO nanoparticles

Abstract— Non‐volatile memory effects of an all‐solution‐processed oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT) with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as the charge‐trapping layer are reported. The device was fabricated by using a soluble MgInZnO active channel on a ZrHfO^x gate dielectric. ZnO NPs were used as the charge‐trapping site at the gate‐insulator—channel interface, and Al was used for source and drain electrodes. Transfer characteristics of the device showed a large clockwise hysteresis, which can be used to demonstrate its memory function due to electron trapping in the ZnO NP charge‐trapping layer. This memory effect has the potential to be utilized as a memory application on displays and disposable electronics.     

一种可行的可用性测试过程

文章综述用户模型法、用户调查法、专家评审法和观察法4类可用性测试方法,根据可用性测试的经验,总结出一套合理实用的可用性测试过程,使得可用性测试的效率高、代价低,尽可能发现更多的可用性问题;提出在程序设计类课程的教学中,应适当向学生介绍可用性测试的方法和过程,以培养学生对自己开发的软件系统进行可用性测试的能力。