A comparative study of numerical solutions to non-linear discrete crack modelling of concrete beams involving sharp snap-back

Numerical problems are often encountered in modelling crack propagation in concrete beams using non-linear finite element (FE) analysis, especially when sharp snap-back behaviour in load-displacement relations occurs. This paper firstly identifies 16 arc-length control based numerical strategies based on extensive literature review. They are then used to carefully model the structural behaviour of a four-point single notched shear beam using discrete crack modelling approach in which cracks are represented by interface elements with bilinear softening constitutive laws. Based on extensive FE analyses, detailed comparisons of the merits and demerits of these numerical algorithms are then made. The results indicate that the effectiveness and efficiency of different algorithms may vary considerably from one to another, with the local arc-length based procedures in conjunction with tangential stiffness strategy and reversible unloading model being the most robust.     

Visual evaluation at scale of threshold to suprathreshold color difference

Visual evaluation experiments of color discrimination threshold and suprathreshold color‐difference comparison were carried out using CRT colors based on the psychophysical methods of interleaved staircase and constant stimuli, respectively. A large set of experimental data was generated ranged from threshold to large suprathreshold color difference at the five CIE color centers. The visual data were analyzed in detail for every observer at each visual scale to show the effect of color‐difference magnitude on the observer precision. The chromaticity ellipses from this study were compared with four previous published data, of CRT colors by Cui and Luo, and of surface colors by RIT‐DuPont, Cheung and Rigg, and Guan and Luo, to report the reproducibility of this kind of experiment using CRT colors and the variations between CRT and surface data, respectively. The present threshold data were also compared against the different suprathreshold data to show the effect of color‐difference scales. The visual results were further used to test the three advance color‐difference formulae, CMC, CIE94, and CIEDE2000, together with the basic CIELAB equation. In their original forms or with optimized K_L values, the CIEDE2000 outperformed others, followed by CMC, and with the CIELAB and CIE94 the poorest for predicting the combined dataset of all color centers in the present study. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 198–208, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20106     

电容传感器在使用中存在的几个问题及处理方法

随着电容测量技术的迅速发展，电容传感器在非电量测量和自动检测中得到广泛应用，但它在使用过程中也存在一些问题，针对在使用电容传感器过程中存在的几个问题，从电容传感器的原理和工作过程两个方面进行了讨论，并提出行之有效的处理方法。     

探讨电石法PVC烟气治理方法

分析了电石法PVC生产链中电石炉烟气及电厂烟气二氧化硫的排放情况,指出利用电石炉烟气中的CO合成氨、再将合成氨用于燃煤电厂烟气的"氨法"脱硫是具有较大应用潜力的循环经济产业链。     

The relationship between photo-catalytic performance and optical property over Si-incorporated TiO2

This study focuses on the relationship between photo-catalytic performance and optical property over Si-incorporated TiO₂. The Si-incorporated TiO₂ particles exhibited a pure structure of anatase having a particle size of less than 20 nm and surface area of more than 190 m²/g. The absorbance did not shift to a higher wavelength in spite of the incorporation of the Si ions, but the intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) curve was the smallest in the case of the 2.0 mol% Si-TiO₂, which was related to the recombination between the excited electrons and holes. Based on these results, the photodecomposition of methyl orange in the liquid reaction was enhanced over the 2.0 mol% Si-incorporated TiO₂ compared with that over pure TiO₂: Methyl orange at 10.0 ppm was completely decomposed after 100 min when 1.0 g of the 2.0 mol% Si-incorporated TiO₂ was used.     

比较法在房地产开发中的应用

对"比较法"原理和应用情况进行了分析,说明其在房地产开发中能够科学地预测房地产的价格和收益,从而提高财务分析的科学性和权威性,为项目决策提供科学依据,以促进"比较法"在房地产开发中的应用。     

Eigenspannungen als Messgröße zur Qualitätssicherung

Residual stress as measured quantity in quality assurance The x‐ray method is used in the Volkswagen Automotive Group at different world‐wide locations as a standard procedure to determine residual stress. As an important measured quantity in the quality assurance residual stresses are specified in drawings of different components (e.g. gears, coil springs). Measurements are carried out during quality assurance, production, damage analyse, technical development department and design control of components from suppliers. An optimum efficiency can be achieved, if it exists a unique correlation between residual stress values and loading capacity of components, and if the processes to introduce residual stress can be optimized using residual stress measurements during the production.     

调整水量法(代用法)测定水泥标准稠度用水量方法的改进

结合兰州市的水泥标准稠度用水量方法测定 (代用法 )的实例 ,分析代用法测定标准稠度用水量的缺点 ,并对此方法提出了一些改进措施     

Analysis of an algorithm for solution of conditional optimization problems with linear-fractional objective functions over permutations

A method is considered to solve a conditional optimization problem with a linear-fractional objective function over permutations. The performance of sub algorithms to solve this problem is evaluated. The practical efficiency of the algorithm is analyzed by conducting numerical experiments. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 4, pp. 133–146, July–August 2007.     

C语言学习方法与实践的探讨

针对C语言程序设计课程本身的特点，分析学习过程中存在的问题，强调实践的必要性。结合一些学校课程改革和实践的经验．提出面向应用的，科学的学习内容、方法和模式。同时提高学习者的专业动手能力。