Decision making of oil spill contingency options with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

Accidental oil spills are one of major sources to affect ecologically and economically sensitive marine areas and shorelines. The aim of decision making during oil spill response management is to minimize pollution effects in coastal areas, once spills occur. However, not all coastal areas at risk can be saved due to a limitation of equipments or options. Thus, often preferences between different coastal areas or uses, respectively, have to be made in an operational way. Such a management issue is here taken as a multi-group multi-criteria decision making problem involving a variety of stakeholders and natural dynamic environments. For solving such a complex problem, this paper targets efforts to integrate a second order fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method and consensus facilitating techniques into computerized group decision support system. Such a DSS takes into account the influence of multiple criteria and the knowledge of different interested groups and simulates a consensus based decision process. Through a case study of the Prestige accident off the Spanish coast in 2002, it is demonstrated that the model provides a simple, effective and adaptable method to solve operational management problems related to complex human nature interactions as realized during oil spill management. Moreover, a series of analyses explore potentials and limitations of the FCE for further applications in the field of multi-group multi-criteria decision-making.     

The interior heat transfer characteristics of gas turbine blade due to sparse film cooling holes

The film cooling technique is one of the most useful cooling methods. At present, the midchord region of gas turbine blades in an aeroengine often adopt a sparse film cooling technique and impingement cooling technique at the same time. So the interior heat transfer characteristics on the inner side of blades due to the sparse film cooling holes have become a very complicated and interesting problem. In this paper, the heat transfer characteristics of impingement‐cooling have been investigated experimentally. Through lots of experimental data, the effect of flow parameters and geometric parameters on heat transfer characteristics has been studied. Correlation equations obtained show good agreement with experimental data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(3): 197–207, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20052     

特高压直流单极大地回线运行方式下分流分析及其对策

通过对向家坝—上海±800 kV特高压直流输电工程单极大地回线运行时出现分流现象的分析,得出分流的原因如下:极热备用或极闭锁时因控制逻辑合上旁路开关,导致运行极中性母线与停运极设备形成电流通路.探讨了分流的影响,提出通过运行操作、更改顺序控制或设计分流保护消除分流的措施,有利于提高特高压直流的可靠性.分析结果可为特高压直流工程设计、运行维护提供参考.     

黄浦江溢油对松浦大桥取水口的风险分析研究

溢油事故频繁发生,对城市水源的取水口安全构成巨大威胁.通过黄浦江二维溢油模型分析,对松浦大桥取水口处的模拟溢油事故进行了风险分析.结果表明:风场是黄浦江溢油事故对松浦大桥取水口产生影响的关键因素,无风条件下溢油对取水口的影响远大于有风条件下,主要原因是有风条件下黄浦江曲折猛狭长的河道形态使得溢油大多被吸附或滞留在了岸边;无风条件下,当上游发生溢油事故时,径流量是溢油到达取水口时间及影响历时的决定性因素,而下游发生溢油事故对取水口的影响与潮汐特性关系密切.该研究可为黄浦江突发性水污染事故的应急决策提供科学依据.     

蜗轮蜗杆减速机漏油密封结构改进

在锰系产品深加工化合工序中,蜗轮蜗杆减速机因其处于高温、中速运转、酸碱腐蚀性强的恶劣环境下,蜗杆端普通骨架油封经常融化磨损,发生润滑油泄露,导致减速机故障多,环境卫生差,设备使用寿命短。通过对蜗杆端漏油进行改进设计,采用了非接触式密封和接触式密封相结合的方法,使蜗轮蜗杆减速机无论是处于动态情况下还是静态情况下,都能得到良好的密封,从而达到改善环境卫生,延长设备使用寿命的目的。     

Compressible Carbon Sponges from Delignified Wood for Fast Cleanup and Enhanced Recovery of Crude Oil Spills by Joule Heat and Photothermal Effect

Fast and efficient cleanup of crude oil spills is still a global challenge because most of the crude oils are highly viscous and lowly fluid. Herein, a kind of polydimethylsiloxane-decorated wood carbon sponges (PDMS@WCS) with desirable compressibility and hydrophobicity for the fast adsorption and enhanced recovery of crude oil via the promotion of Joule-heating and photothermal effect is reported. Moreover, the PDMS@WCS can be compressed and released at a constant strain of 50% for over times without structural damage due to the protection of PDMS coating. Thus, the adsorbed crude oil can be facilely excluded from PDMS@WCS under external pressure to show enhanced recovery.     

单盘外浮顶油罐自动通气阀溢油的原因分析

简要介绍了外浮顶油罐自动通气阀的结构形式和工作原理，将外浮顶罐浮盘未升起时浮盘与罐底之间的油气空间类比标准固定，顶罐容积确定热影响容积进行储罐通气量及通气阀通气面积的计算，根据流体稳定流动量方程推导出油品进入自动通气阀阀体内的高度计算公式，确定自动通气阀在通气面积一定时阀杆必须具有的设计高度，进而分析出一些已建油罐可能由于通气阀通气面积不够或阀杆设计高度不足而产生溢油的原因和今后设计应注意的问题。     

High-order perturbation solutions to a LH2 spreading model with continuous spill

High-order perturbation solutions have been obtained for the simple physical model describing the LH₂ spreading with a continuous spill, and are shown to improve over the first-order perturbation solutions. The non-dimensional governing equations for the model are derived to obtain more general solutions. Non-dimensional parameters are sought as the governing parameters for the non-dimensional equations, and the non-dimensional evaporation rate is used as the perturbation parameter. The results show that the second-order solutions exhibit an improvement over the first-order solutions with respect to the pool volume; however, there is still a difference between numerical solutions and second-order solutions in the late stage of spread. Finally, it is revealed that the third-order solutions almost agree with numerical solutions.     

50MW汽轮机负荷波动的故障分析及处理措施

简述了成功治理汽轮机中压油动机漏油的技术改造,以及对改造所引起的负荷波动故障做了详细的分析,并且介绍了汽轮发电机组液压调速系统常见故障的原因和处理方法,增强了汽轮机安全稳定运行的可靠性,有效地避免了类似事故的发生。