微乳液对Cu(Ⅱ)-5-Br-PADAP显色体系的增敏作用

本文以多种微乳液体系为介质作比较,以5-Br-PADAP为显色剂分光光度法测定铜.实验结果表明,TritonX-100/n-C4H9OH/环己烷/H2O微乳液体系对铜的分光光度法测定有最佳增敏效果,与以水为介质相比,灵敏度显著提高.微乳液含水量为80%,溶液pH=8.0时,测定灵敏度最大.     

智能微反应器理论在合成润滑油清净剂中的应用

以石油磺酸铵为原料制备了高碱值的石油磺酸镁润滑油清净剂。结合智能微反应器理论中的渗透反应机理,论述了若干主要因素对其碳酸化反应的影响规律,包括:碳酸化反应温度、碳酸化反应时间、搅拌速度等。结果表明,在40～50℃,反应时间3 h和较快的搅拌速度下才能制备出高碱值润滑油清净剂;"冷冻蚀刻"电镜观测表明,产物中含有平均粒径约40 nm的碳酸盐微粒。用智能微反应器理论可加深对工艺的理解,从而控制好产物的质量。     

Development of a solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for solubility enhancement of naproxen

Context: Comparative evaluation of liquid and solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) as promising approaches for solubility enhancement.

Objective: The aim of this work was to develop, characterize, and evaluate a solid SMEDDS prepared via spray-drying of a liquid SMEDDS based on Gelucire® 44/14 to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of naproxen.

Material and methods: Various oils and co-surfactants in combination with Gelucire® 44/14 were evaluated during excipient selection study, solubility testing, and construction of (pseudo)ternary diagrams. The selected system was further evaluated for naproxen solubility, self-microemulsification ability, and in vitro dissolution of naproxen. In addition, its transformation into a solid SMEDDS by spray-drying using maltodextrin as a solid carrier was performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate the physical characteristics of the solid SMEDDS obtained.

Results: The selected formulation of SMEDDS was comprised of Miglyol 812®, Peceol?, Gelucire® 44/14, and Solutol® HS 15. The liquid and solid SMEDDS formed a microemulsion after dilution with comparable average droplet size and exhibited uniform droplet size distribution. In the solid SMEDDS, liquid SMEDDS was adsorbed onto the surface of maltodextrin and formed smooth granular particles with the encapsulated drug predominantly in a dissolved state and partially in an amorphous state. Overall, incorporation of naproxen in SMEDDS, either liquid or solid, resulted in improved solubility and dissolution rate compared to pure naproxen.

Conclusion: This study indicates that a liquid and solid SMEDDS is a strategy for solubility enhancement in the future development of orally delivered dosage forms.     

微乳法制备Pd-Cu双金属催化剂

选择Cu为助剂,采用微乳法分别优选具有较好稳定性的Cu和Pd微乳液体系,并将Cu和Pd依次负载于Al_2O_3载体上,经干燥、活化和还原制备了Pd-Cu/Al_2O_3催化剂。采用原位IR、CO化学吸附和HRTEM等对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,与常规溶液负载法制备的Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3催化剂相比,采用微乳法降低了催化剂表面酸性,提高了活性组分Pd分散度,Pd粒径分布更为均匀。在750 mL加氢反应器中,采用C_2后加氢原料对催化剂性能进行评价,结果表明,与常规溶液负载法相比,微乳法制备的催化剂在反应温度低4℃条件下,乙炔转化率相当,选择性高9.9个百分点,绿油生成量较低。微乳法制备Pd-Cu双金属催化剂具有良好的工业应用前景。     

微乳液法制备纳米TiO2粒子

以TiCl4为原料。在OP-10／正戊醇／环己烷／水（溶液）组成的反相微乳液体系中制备纳米TiO2粒子，采用XRD、TEM和BET等分析手段对粉体的粒径、物相、形貌进行表征。结果表明．采用反相微乳液可以合成出纳米级TiO2粒子。当体系内古水量较高时。产物粒度较小，且分布均匀。适当的陈化，可使产物粒度变小，分布变窄。     

Wettability reversal of reservoir rock surface through surfactant stabilized microemulsion

In the process of the tertiary recovery of oil and gas resources, it is necessary to use external fluids to displace the crude oil in the reservoir. Whether the crude oil on the surface of the rock can be effectively displaced and the wettability of the rock can be changed to avoid re-adsorption by the crude oil is directly related to the level of oil recovery. Therefore, it is critical to study the cleaning and wettability reversal of reservoir rock surface. Because microemulsions have outstanding performance in changing the wettability of rocks and solubilizing crude oil, this paper uses cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant and n-butanol as a co-surfactant to prepare microemulsions. The performance of microemulsions with different microstructures on the cleaning and wettability changes of crude oil on the rock surface were studied. The results show that the water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion has good cleaning efficiency, and the oil removal rate on the sandstone core surface can reach 79.65%. In terms of changing the wettability of the rock surface, W/O, bi-continuous phase (B.C.) and oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions can change the core surface from lipophilic to hydrophilic. And the effects of the B.C. and O/W microemulsions are more obvious. The microemulsion system that was prepared based on cationic surfactants has a good application prospect in changing the wettability of the reservoir and cleaning the adsorbed crude oil.     

微乳常温水基超声波机用清洗剂的研制

奥氏体不锈钢板,经拉深工艺,成筒体型的产品后,要求对筒体表面的拉深油,用超声波机清洗,现采用的清洗剂是强碱与表面活性剂两种产品配伍使用,要求温度为(60±5)℃,清洗时间为5 min,在60℃高温消耗能源的同时,清洗剂所产生的蒸汽,既有强碱的刺激味道,还有随时能够对人体构成伤害的不足之处。经检测,净洗力在89.7%。没有达到JB/4323—1999(水基金属清洗剂)标准要求,为克服上述不足之处,研制了一种微乳常温水基超声波机用清洗剂。     

微乳液法制备气敏材料的技术及应用

基于微乳液纳米反应器制备气敏材料是制备纳米材料的新方法.介绍了微乳液作为纳米反应器制备气敏材料的方法及原理,重点综述了微乳液法在制备纳米气敏材料方面的研究状况,总结了微乳液法制备纳米颗粒粒径大小的影响因素,并提出了微乳液法制备纳米气敏材料今后的发展方向.     

反应性反相微乳液体系的构建

以可聚合的甲基丙烯酸甲酯代替传统微乳液中非反应性的油相,采用反应性表面活性剂SE-10N及助表面活性剂丙烯酸构建了反应性反相微乳液体系.通过滴定法描绘出微乳液体系的拟三元相图,并用电导率测量分析微乳液体系的相结构.利用紫外光低温引发微乳液体系聚合制得透明的聚合物.     

SDS/正丁醇/正庚烷/水微乳液体系结构参数测定

用稀释法测定SDS/正丁醇/正庚烷/水体系W/O型微乳液的结构参数,求得不同ω(水和SDS的摩尔比)时体系的水内核半径Rw、颗粒有效半径Re、界面层厚度l、颗粒总数Nd、分散相所占总界面积Ad和平均聚集数(n).研究了不同水量时,醇从油连续相转移到界面层时自由能变化△G0c→i.