提高油田集输系统可靠性的研究

应用现代可靠性理论,从设计、工艺、技术等方面对油田集输系统进行了可靠性探讨,提出了增强系统可靠性的措施。     

Estimation of the Substrate Concentration Profiles in Petroleum Pipelines Containing Biofilms

In industrial systems, the formation of biofilms can cause many problems, such as an increase in the flow resistance of pipelines, energy losses in fluid transport and heat exchangers, product contamination, materials deterioration, and biocorrosion. As a result, biofilms contribute substantially to economic losses in the industry. Corrosion is particularly an issue in the petroleum industry and its implications range from down-hole completion through petroleum processing units. Much of this corrosion is attributed to microbial activities. This paper proposes a mathematical model for predicting substrate concentration for such microbial growth. Substrate concentrations in the system and near the biofilm surface are one of the parameters that has a great effect in determining the extent of the problems associated with biofilms. In this study, a convective-diffusion model under various flow conditions (stagnant, laminar, and turbulent) has been solved using the finite difference technique, employing the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method. The model assumes that a liquid containing substrate and bacteria is flowing in a pipeline with known concentrations at the inlet and then predicts the variation of the transient (as a function of time) substrate concentration along the pipeline and as a function of the pipe radius. The model is then used to predict and estimate the substrate concentration profiles on the biofilm surface under different environmental conditions. A parametric study was also conducted to study the effect of the different parameters influencing the substrate concentration profiles in the system and on the biofilm surface.     

海洋石油开发工业污染物产生系数和排放系数研究

污染物产生系数和排放系数是工程环境影响评价的重要指标,但对于海洋石油开发工程环境影响评价来说,迄今尚无具权威性的系数可资使用。在我国近海石油开发工程污染源系统调查的基础上,对海洋石油开发行业污染物产生系数和排放系数的定义、计算方法、应用范围及应用方式进行了探讨,研究结果可为海洋石油开发工程项目环境影响评价及环境保护管理,以及行业或企业有关标准的制定提供参考。     

煤气压缩机存在问题及改造措施

对煤气压缩机运行以来所存在的问题进行了分析，相继采取的改造措施及取得的效果作了探讨。重点阐述了油冷却器的改造。     

成品油汽运发货系统的研究与开发

介绍成品油传统汽运发货流程.指出其中的弊端,提出采用计算机网络化管理的思路,并对计算机成品油汽运发货系统的优点和功能进行了介绍,然后详细讨论了该系统的开发过程和功能实现,最后提出改进和发展方向。     

Formation of C4 species in the deactivation of a Pd/SiO2 catalyst during the selective hydrogenation of acetylene

The deactivation characteristics of Pd/SiO₂ in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene were correlated with changes in the amount of the C4 species produced. The amounts of butenes produced changed in parallel with the catalyst activity, indicating that the rate limiting step for butene production was the same as that for acetylene hydrogenation. On the other hand, the amount of 1,3-butadiene produced changed, showing a maximum with catalyst deactivation because 1,3-butadiene is an intermediate in the sequential reaction process which involves both the production and consumption of 1,3-butadiene. This was verified by a simultaneous TG/reaction experiment showing that 1,3-butadiene was a precursor of green oil. The catalyst showed a self-regenerative behavior in its activity and the amounts of C4 species produced during the early stage of deactivation because two opposite factors, which contributed to either the lowering or the promotion of activity, were involved in the process. A specific type of polymer species, produced during the initial period of deactivation, is proposed to be responsible for the promotion of catalyst activity.     

滚动转子式压缩机传热模拟

就滚动转子式压缩机的传热特性进行了分析。把压缩机分为15块，视摩擦损失和电机发热为内热源，考虑润滑油流动在传热过程中的影响，应用集中参数法对每块进行了能量分析，建立了传热数学模型并进行了计算。     

美孚油回收利用的可行性实验研究

本文针对美孚油回收液与兰炼8#油混合利用进行可行性实验研究，经过重度、粘度、可燃性等方面的实验研究，表明美孚油回收液与兰炼8#油混合可以用在电动轮上并且获得良好的效果。     

我国管道业发展对板带业的拉动

本文叙述了我国管道业面临的市场机遇和受到天然气价格等因素的制约以及进口钢管的挑战。建议中国管道业应适当发展ERW610机组和UOE机组的高质量产品；在钢板上宜以X70级为主，设备潜力可向X80级为目标而努力。     

未来航空润滑油基础油

介绍了未来航空涡轮发动机对润滑油性能的要求:在260,-54℃时,试样运动黏度分别大于1.0 mm2/s和小于15 000 mm2/s,热氧化安定性温度为260~427℃。该要求已超出了目前使用的酯类润滑油所能承受的最大极限。为了满足要求,需开发全氟聚醚、改性硅油、聚苯醚、C-型醚、氟醚三嗪及环三磷偶氮润滑油基础油,它们的使用温度依次为:-34~316,-60~260,5~288,-29~260,-30~343,-15~343℃。