硫磺制酸装置大型化废热锅炉的发展方向

论述大型硫磺制酸装置废热锅炉在炉型、参数及烟管等方面的发展方向。最近国内新建的几套 400-800 kt/a硫磺制酸装置均采用中压参数火管锅炉。然而大型火管锅炉,特别是锅炉的锅壳,受到制造、运输等条件的约束,在与装置保持同步大型化方面有一定的难度。建议新建大型硫磺制酸装置采用双锅壳单汽包火管锅炉,已建硫磺制酸装置的扩能则可在原有火管锅炉的基础上并联1台火管锅炉。与单锅壳火管锅炉相比,双锅壳火管锅炉的金属消耗量虽增加10％左右,但材料易于采购,且制造成本、大件运输成本将大大降低,锅炉的交货周期容易保证。另外,随着装置规模的大型化,废热利用趋于向提供动力的方向发展,建议提高锅炉参数,采用次高压或高压参数,例如6．3 MPa、485℃,以获取更高的蒸汽循环热功效率。最后在强化传热方面,建议采用螺纹烟管。     

酸热改性凹凸棒石粘土对低硫汽油的脱硫效果研究

通过浸渍法制备改性凹凸棒石粘土汽油脱硫剂.用浓硫酸对产自甘肃临泽的凹凸棒石粘土进行酸改性和热活化,以改性后的凹凸棒石粘土为吸附剂,达到了对汽油进行吸附脱硫的目的.采用正交试验考察制备脱硫剂和吸附脱硫的最佳工艺条件.根据正交试验分析得到确定最佳试验工艺路线为A3B3C2D2E3,即酸化凹凸棒石粘土的硫酸浓度为2mol/L、热改性温度为90℃、吸附时间60min.最佳吸附脱硫工艺为脱硫剂用量4g/40mL、吸附温度为40℃、吸附时间为60min.凹凸棒石粘土经过改性后脱硫率明显提升,硫含量的质量分数从280μg/g降到54.43μg/g,脱硫率达到80.56％.     

刚果(金)非正常供电条件下的硫磺制酸生产实践

介绍了刚果(金)国际矿业公司50 kt/a硫磺制酸装置在非正常供电条件下的运行情况。针对刚果(金)电力供应不足、拉闸限电频繁的情况,该装置在系统蓄热、设备保温以及精心操作等方面采取了有效措施。实践证明:在停电时间不超过48 h的情况下,该装置能实现不用柴油升温直接开车。     

新型有机硫水解催化剂的研制

介绍了LS-04新型有机硫水解催化剂的研制、表征及活性评价。该催化剂以氧化铝为主要原料,采用转动成型法制备载体,碱金属氧化物为活性组分,利用浸渍法制备而成。相比国外同类催化剂,该催化剂具有较高的侧压强度、更优异的水解活性及良好的活性稳定性,综合性能优于国外同类催化剂。     

丁基橡胶再生胶硫化体系的选择及其对硫化性能的影响

采用超临界CO2流体作传输介质,二苯基二硫(DD)作脱硫剂,研究了废旧丁基橡胶的脱硫再生。结果表明,所得丁基橡胶再生胶(RIIR)不能被硫黄硫化,但能被树脂硫化。在丁基橡胶(IIR)的硫黄硫化过程中,DD不能用作硫化剂和硫化促进剂,其对硫化过程有明显的抑制作用。采用丙酮抽出残留DD后,RIIR可被硫黄硫化。针对IIR/RIIR并用体系,分别以硫黄和树脂作硫化体系且用量相同时,树脂硫化体系的交联密度明显高于硫黄硫化体系。     

Lignin Impact on Fibre Degradation: 1—Quinone Methide Intermediates Formedfrom Lignin DuringIn VitroFermentation ofCorn Stover*

Experiments were conducted to determine whether formation of quinone methide intermediates from lignin occurs during ruminal fermentation of corn stover, as indicated by nucleophilic addition reaction with sulphur-containing reducing agents. Corn stover leaf and stem fractions harvested at full maturity were incubated in buffered ruminal fluid without reducing agents or with (NH₄)₂SO₄ (S-control), Na₂S.9H₂O, cysteine-HCl (cysHCl), or cysHCl plus Na₂S.9H₂O; and in only buffer with or without cysHCl plus Na₂S.9H₂O. Mixed reducing agents (cysHCl plus Na₂S.9H₂O) enhanced ( P< 0.001) in vitro fibre degradation after 48 h, tended to increase solubilisation of fibre ( P =0.07) and dry matter ( P =0.06) in buffer alone, and elevated ( P< 0.001) S-content of residual fibre. In vitro incorporation of S into the undegraded fibre was determined for corn stover fractions of varying lignin compositions that were harvested at two maturities (early dent and full maturity) in 2 years. Extent of fibre degradation was correlated with extent of S-incorporation ( r =-0.54, P< 0.001), and with lignin methoxyl content ( r =-0.84, P< 0.001). The negative association of lignin methoxyl content with digestibility is explained by the relative likelihood of quinone methide intermediate formation from guaiacyl and syringyl units in lignin.     

废硫酸裂解制硫酸装置存在的问题与对策

介绍了抚顺石化公司石油二厂16kt／a烷基化废硫酸裂解制硫酸装置生产运行中存在的问题,通过运行试验、分析研究,提出了的相应对策并进行了技术改造,取得了显著效果,实现了“不烧硫磺,单独利用废硫酸裂解制硫酸”的重大工艺突破,提高了废硫酸的处理能力,实现了经济效益和环境效益双增长。     

热压氧化浸出有价金属过程中硫的物相分析

文中利用不同价态硫的化学性质不同,采用不同的化学试剂分别定量地直接测定出TS（总硫）、S^6＋（硫酸盐中的硫）、S^0（单质硫）、间接测定出S^2-（硫化物中的硫）,并结合热压浸出的实际情况进行测定,取得了较好的效果,对热压浸出提取有价金属试验具有重大的指导意义。     

Experimental investigation of high-temperature corrosion properties in simulated reducing-sulphidizing atmospheres of the waterwall fireside in the boiler

The presence of reducing atmospheres of the waterwall fireside in the boiler due to extensive use of low-NOx combustion mode caused severe high-temperature corrosion problems. In this study, high-temperature sulphur corrosion properties of two types of low alloyed waterwall steel (15CrMoG and 12Cr1MoVG) in two kinds of reducing-sulphidizing atmospheres were investigated by lab-scale experiments. The experimental atmospheres and temperature were simulated according to field measurements in the boiler of a thermal power plant. The experimental results showed that the reducing-sulphidizing atmosphere with CO was more corrosive, and the CO accelerated the corrosion of H₂S and worsened the corrosion. The CO inhibited the formation of oxide scales, provided some corrosion resistance, and produced the intensely corrosive COS. The corrosivity of the alkali metal chlorides was limited in the reducing-sulphidizing atmosphere without CO, while the corrosion was strongly hindered in the reducing-sulphidizing atmosphere with CO.