聚(丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺)/水滑石纳米复合高吸水性树脂的制备及表征

首先用尿素法合成了水滑石(HT),然后用甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)对水滑石进行插层,得到了插层的水滑石(SMAS-HT),最后通过反相悬浮聚合制备了一种新型的聚(丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺)/水滑石纳米复合高吸水性树脂,其中N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为交联剂,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)及扫描电镜(SEM)等手段表征其结构和形貌。考察了SMAS-HT的含量对其吸水(盐)性能的影响。结果表明,插入SMAS的水滑石片层在聚合后发生了剥离,添加少量的SMAS-HT可以明显提高树脂的吸水(盐)性能,当SMAS-HT含量为3.0%（质量）时,树脂的吸(盐)水性能达到最大。     

含微量元素土壤保水剂的合成研究

采用水溶液聚合法以(NH_4)_2S_2O_3为引发剂,以玉米淀粉、丙烯酸、丙烯酸胺及ZnSO_4·7H_2O,Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O为原料,以N,N’-双亚甲基丙烯酰胺为交联剂,合成了吸水率为400～600g·g~(-1),对0.9％NaCl溶液吸盐率为90～120g·g~(-1)含微量元素(如Zn、B)的耐电解质高吸水性树脂。作为土壤保水剂,既具有高吸水及保水功能,又具有长期缓释微肥的作用。     

Optimization of synthesis and characterization of cassava starch‐graft‐poly(acrylonitrile) using response surface methodology

Graft copolymerization of poly(acrylonitrile) onto cassava starch was carried out with potassium persulphate (PPS) as the free radical initiator using a response surface Box–Behnken design. Different levels of monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and temperature were used, and regression models were generated in terms of these factors, which can be used to predict the grafting level and efficiency at a given level of the factors. The grafted starches were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses and determination of %grafting (%G), N‐content, thermal properties, water and saline solution retention, and rheological properties. Under the conditions used, %G was found to depend only on the temperature used for the reaction. The maximum %G of 120.1 was obtained for the sample synthesized under the following conditions: weight of AN = 0.753 mol/10 g starch, weight of PPS = 0.284 g and temperature = 55°C, and the grafting efficiency was 30.03%. The absorption bands at 2243 cm^?1 for the nitrile group (? CN) in the FTIR spectra of the products confirmed the grafting reaction. There was a decrease in crystallinity and disappearance of the granular structure after grafting of the starch. The melting temperatures of the graft copolymers determined by differential scanning calorimetry analysis were higher than that of the native starch. The grafted starches exhibited very high thermal stability as observed from the thermogravimetric analysis. The superabsorbent polymer prepared from the grafted starch by alkali saponification exhibited a maximum water absorbency of 636 g/g. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some cross‐linked copolymers with alkyl chains of various lengths

Amphoteric polymer hydrogels were prepared by the copolymerization of three kinds of N,N′‐dimethyl‐N‐alkylmethacryloxylethyl ammoniumbromide (DMAEA) with different lengths of alkyl chains (DMAEA‐RB) (R‐ehtyl/hexyl/dodecyl), acrylic acid (AA), and acrylamide (AM). The water content of the AA‐AM‐(DMAEA‐RB) terpolymers decreased with the increasing length of alkyl chains in quaternary ammonium group in the terpolymers and increased with the increasing molar ratio of DMAEA‐RB to 2 mol % and then decreased. Their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus hyicus were investigated by a colony count method. It was found that the copolymer exhibited higher antibacterial activity with increasing chain length of alkyl groups in ammonium groups. For P[AA‐AM‐(DMAEA‐DB)], the DMAEA‐DB content is higher and contact time is longer, its antibacterial activity is better. However, when the contact time and quaternary ammonium content were above 30 min and 2%, respectively, the amount of live cells N(t) in a cell suspension increased in the presence of P[AA‐AM‐(DMAEA‐EB)] or P[AA‐AM‐(DMAEA‐HB)]. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

壳聚糖交联聚丙烯酸/马来酸酐吸水树脂的制备

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)为原料,过硫酸铵(APS)和亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂,N-马来酰化壳聚糖(N-MACH)为交联剂,采用水溶液自由基聚合反应合成了高吸水树脂,并用正交实验法对合成条件进行了优化,得到最佳合成条件。结果表明,当单体浓度为20%,交联剂的用量为0.03 g,AA中和度为50%,m(MA)/m(AA)为5%时,可以合成具有较好吸水性的高吸水树脂,在蒸馏水中的吸水倍率为1 560.42 g/g;合成的吸水树脂具有较好的吸水速度;不同种类盐溶液浓度的变化对吸水树脂吸水率的影响较大。     

过氧化氢/水体系中纤维素非均相接枝制备高吸水材料

在H2O2／水体系中进行了纤维素与丙烯酸非均相接枝聚合，制备了可吸去离子水达700多倍、自来水达400多倍的高吸水材料，考察了聚合时间、交联剂用量、纤维素用量及不同预处理因素对接枝产物吸水性能的影响，并对接枝反应的引发机理作了探讨。     

氢氧化钠/尿素水溶液中纤维素均相接枝制备高吸水材料

以氢氧化钠／尿素(NaOH／Urea)水溶液为纤维素溶剂，进行了纤维素均相接枝丙烯酸制备高吸水材料的研究。该吸水材料吸去离子水达400多倍、自来水达近200倍。讨论了纤维素在NaOH／Urea水溶液体系中的溶解，考察了反应温度、交联剂用量、引发剂用量对接枝产物吸水性能的影响。     

丙烯酰胺与长链季铵盐共聚树脂的制备与性能

采用长链烷基烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(RADM)和丙烯酰胺为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N′ 亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,水溶液聚合法制备了高吸水性树脂,并对最佳反应条件进行了研究。得到最佳条件:x(交联剂)=0 2%、x(RADM)=1 5%～2 5%、n(引发剂)∶n(总单体)=1∶2000、反应温度70℃、反应时间4h。在此条件下制备的共聚树脂在室温吸去离子水达自身质量的535倍,吸w(NaCl)=0 9%的盐水溶液达63倍;树脂溶胀平衡后在106Pa的压力下的保水率大于80%;树脂在溶胀后分别与含金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的含菌液接触8h,抗菌率大于75%。     

玉米秸秆复合高吸水树脂的制备与性能

将玉米秸秆预处理后与丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺和苯乙烯磺酸钠进行水溶液接枝共聚制备玉米秸秆复合高吸水性树脂,研究玉米秸秆含量对高吸水性树脂吸水率、吸水速率、保水率和凝胶强度的影响。XRD证实了秸秆接枝共聚物的结构,SEM表明秸秆接枝改性的高吸水树脂,原来秸秆不连续的片状结构变成了具有许多大微孔和小毛细孔的凝胶团聚体。     

碱溶解玉米淀粉制备高吸水性树脂

以玉米淀粉、丙烯酸为原料,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,将中和丙烯酸的NaOH提前加入体系溶解淀粉,一步法制备出淀粉基高吸水性树脂(SSAP1)。通过单因素实验探究了丙烯酸与玉米淀粉质量比、丙烯酸中和度、引发剂APS用量、交联剂MBA用量对产物吸水倍率的影响,获得最优制备参数。通过FTIR、XRD、SEM分析了SSAP1微观结构,对比了SSAP1和高温糊化淀粉制备出淀粉基高吸水性树脂(SSAP)的接枝率和应用性能。结果表明,碱溶解玉米淀粉成功接枝聚丙烯酸分子链并发生交联反应形成高吸水性树脂,该方法能更有效地破坏淀粉分子内氢键并提高反应效率;SSAP1吸水速率与重复吸水性能优于SSAP;SSAP1在蒸馏水和盐水(0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液)中的吸收倍率分别为464和34 g/g,相比SSAP的吸水倍率(428 g/g)和吸盐水倍率(26 g/g)有明显提升。