鱼蛋白高吸水剂的吸湿保湿研究

利用鱼蛋白与丙烯酸通过水溶液聚合法,以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,接枝共聚制备鱼蛋白高吸水剂（FP-g-PAA）,并对其结构进行了IR分析。通过与变色硅胶进行比较,对其吸湿保湿性能进行了初步研究。结果发现,该吸水剂具有较大的吸湿容量和良好的吸湿稳定性,IR表明其具有大量的亲水基团,在88%±1%相对湿度下的平衡吸湿量达到了2.65g/g,保湿性能好,优于广泛使用的变色硅胶,在吸湿保湿方面具有一定的应用潜力,为开发多功能干燥剂提供了实验参考。      

海泡石矿物含量对海泡石/聚丙烯酸(钠)复合材料吸水保水性能的影响

利用水溶液聚合法制备了海泡石粘土/聚丙烯酸(钠)高吸水保水复合材料,研究了海泡石粘土在0%~10%及20%~150%添加量范围对复合材料的吸水保水、重复吸水及抗电解质溶液性能的影响。结果表明,海泡石添加量在4%和40%~60%范围时,复合材料的吸蒸馏水倍率达到极大值。海泡石添加量大于60%时,复合材料吸水倍率急剧下降。复合材料的保水率随着海泡石添加量的增加而小幅增加;海泡石粘土添加量在40%~60%范围时,复合材料的重复吸水性能比较稳定;复合材料吸蒸馏水的倍率随各电解质溶液离子强度的升高而不断降低,且海泡石粘土添加量高的复合材料对外界溶液离子强度的敏感程度较高。     

Preparation of a monolithic and macroporous superabsorbent polymer via a high internal phase Pickering emulsion template

A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) possesses an ability to absorb an aqueous solution up to several hundred times its own weight. To utilize a SAP effectively, a high absorption rate is also essential in addition to a high absorption capability. Herein, using a template based on a high internal phase Pickering emulsion (HIPPE) stabilized by aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles, we synthesize a SAP with a high absorption rate by forming macropores. In particular, by adjusting three different parameters, the concentration of the crosslinker, the internal volume fraction of the emulsion, and the particle concentration, we successfully formed a HIPPE-templated SAP with a high absorption rate for a saline solution, which was 51.6 g g⁻¹ of the absorbency within 10 s. We confirm that the swelling kinetics is mainly determined by the interconnectivity between the internal macro-pores. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48133.     

高吸水性聚合物性能指标与测试方法

高吸水性聚合物是一种能够大量吸收水溶液的新颖的高分子材料。本文对高吸水性聚合物的性能指标与测试方法作了简明的介绍。     

HA/AA-UREA缓释保水剂的制备

以腐殖酸(HA)、部分中和的丙烯酸(AA)、尿素(UREA)为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备具有互穿网络结构的功能性缓释保水材料。并采用FTIR、SEM、DSC和压力势法等对产物的结构和性能进行表征和测试,探讨了单体配比、尿素用量、反应温度、引发剂用量及交联剂用量对产品吸水性能及缓释性能的影响。结果表明: 在聚合温度为80℃、引发剂的质量分数为1% (相对单体AA的质量,下同)、交联剂的质量分数为0.2%、HA的质量分数为20%、UREA的质量分数为50%时,制得高吸水性树脂吸自来水能力最高可达310g/g,且具有良好的保水性能,可利用水分占总吸水量的93.81%,氮元素30天累计释放71.50%。     

反相悬浮法合成“核–壳”结构超吸水材料

以反相悬浮法合成聚(丙烯酸/2–丙烯酰胺基–2–甲基丙磺酸),在反应过程中加入油溶性交联剂二甲基丙烯酸甘油酯,利用两相界面设计合成具有"核–壳"结构的超吸水材料,并对产品进行了性能分析。考察了外交联剂加入时间、反应时间及交联剂浓度对产品性能的影响,并对工艺进行了优化。研究结果表明:在最优工艺条件下制备的产品吸湿率为76.4%,在1 600 Pa下可吸收纯水409.2 g/g,吸收3.5%Na Cl溶液36.7 g/g,具有良好的抗压性能。     

阿拉伯胶基高吸水树脂的合成与吸水性能

以阿拉伯胶(GA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、α-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为原料,通过接枝共聚制备了高吸水性树脂GA-g-P(AM/AMPS),利用FTIR、SEM和XRD表征了树脂的结构和形貌,并考察了树脂的溶胀行为。结果显示:GA加入量为10%(以单体AM和AMPS的总质量为基准)时,树脂在去离子水和生理盐水中的最大吸水倍率分别为835和96 g/g。树脂在pH=2和pH=7溶液中表现出良好的响应性和可逆性能,且在pH=4~11的范围内能保持较高的吸水倍率。放置200 min时,树脂在外界温度为100、80和60℃时的保水率分别为43%、65%和76%。在NaCl溶液中,当树脂浓度从2 mmol/L增加到50 mmol/L时,树脂的吸水倍率从321 g/g减少到105 g/g,当树脂浓度为10 mmol/L时,树脂在NaCl、BaCl_2、FeCl_3溶液中的吸水倍率分别为152、66和18g/g。表面活性剂对树脂的吸水性能有显著的影响,表面活性剂浓度从2 mmol/L增加到50 mmol/L时,树脂在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶液的吸水倍率分别从374、295 g/g降低为101、30 g/g。     

丙烯酰胺与长链季铵盐共聚树脂的制备与性能

采用长链烷基烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(RADM)和丙烯酰胺为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N′ 亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,水溶液聚合法制备了高吸水性树脂,并对最佳反应条件进行了研究。得到最佳条件:x(交联剂)=0 2%、x(RADM)=1 5%～2 5%、n(引发剂)∶n(总单体)=1∶2000、反应温度70℃、反应时间4h。在此条件下制备的共聚树脂在室温吸去离子水达自身质量的535倍,吸w(NaCl)=0 9%的盐水溶液达63倍;树脂溶胀平衡后在106Pa的压力下的保水率大于80%;树脂在溶胀后分别与含金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的含菌液接触8h,抗菌率大于75%。     

Superabsorbent polymeric materials. XIII. Effect of oxyethylene chain length on water absorbency for the sodium acrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGMEAn) copolymeric gels

In a previous study, we prepared a series of xerogels based on sodium acrylate (NaA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, OE = 1) or poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA, OE = 6) with different oxyethylene (OE) units. The effect of the contents of HEMA and PEGMA in the copolymeric gel on the swelling behavior in deionized water and various saline solutions was studied. Their results showed that the water absorbencies for these two series gels were effectively improved by adding a small amount of HEMA or PEGMA. In this article, a series of novel xerogels based on NaA and hydrophilic monomer poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA_n), which was synthesized from acryloyl chloride and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether with three oxyethylene (OE = 9, 16, 45) chain lengths, were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization. The effects of OE chain length in the copolymeric gel on the water absorption behavior and initial absorption rate for the present xerogels were investigated. Results showed that adding a small amount of PEGMEA_n could effectively increase the water absorbency of the gels. In addition, the water absorbency decreased with an increase of the OE chain length in PEGMEA_n. The initial absorption rate for the present copolymeric gels increased with increasing OE chain length in PEGMEA_n and the content of PEGMEA_n in the copolymeric gels. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 927–934, 2006     

Gum arabic–acrylic superabsorbing hydrogel hybrids: Studies on swelling rate and environmental responsiveness

The swelling rate and the environmental sensitivity of novel superabsorbent gum arabic–acrylic hydrogel hybrids were investigated. The swelling kinetics of the hydrogel hybrids was studied by means of a Voigt‐based viscoelastic model. The effects of concentration of the initiator, crosslinker, and the monomer ratio on the swelling rate were studied. The superswelling properties of the hydrogel hybrids were evaluated in various environmental pH, salinity and solvent–water mixtures. The optimally prepared hydrogel, MR5, showed a reproducible on–off switching behavior when the swelling medium was alternatively changed between distilled water and alkaline solutions. The hydrogel hybrid MR5 was also tested to be swollen and deswollen alternatively in distilled water and sodium chloride solution. The sorption–desorption behavior was found to be quite repeatable. A similar capability was interestingly observed when a calcium chloride solution with the same molar concentration was used. The swelling changes of the hydrogel hybrid were examined in various water–solvent systems including the aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and dimethylsulfoxide. One and/or two volume‐phase transitions were induced by the nonsolvents. The transitions were explained according to the solubility parameters of the solvents and water–solvent mixtures. The swelling–deswelling capability of the hydrogel in alternatively changed solvent–water mixtures was also studied. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5667–5674, 2006