柔性支撑转子高速动平衡时机械滞后角的优化选取

对于柔性支撑的大型汽轮发电机组转子,由于支撑结构刚度较低,造成振动不平衡响应较高,容易出现瓦振超标现象。振动机械滞后角的优化选取能够有效提高转子高速动平衡一次加重成功率,通过柔性支撑振动特性分析,给出了机械滞后角的选取方法,并结合机械滞后角在转子高速动平衡中的作用,列举柔性支撑转子高速动平衡实例。     

EC RESEARCH PROGRAMMES IN SUPPORT OF ENERGY-CONSCIOUS BUILDING DESIGN

This paper outlines the development of programmes which investigate architectural strategies for reducing energy use in buildings and which devise and implement means of introducing such strategies to European Community architects, and means of providing the technical information needed to design energy-efficient buildings. The experience is considered as a case study of a European effort to bring about technical change in architectural design and in the light of a widely-held perception that the integration of ‘scientific’ information in architectural design is problematic.

The paper argues that programmes of design support are essential to advance the implementation of new approaches to energy in architectural design. In parallel with research in energy-efficient building it is necessary to advance our knowledge of certain real and perceived needs and desires of building designers, and it is appropriate that research directions should be influenced accordingly.     

基于经验模态分解与多步预测的最小二乘支持向量机的风速预测

由于风速信号是非线性、非稳定性的动态信号,用传统预测方法难以达到满意效果。为提高预测精度,提出了基于经验模态分解与多步预测的最小二乘支持向量机相结合的方法,对风速时间序列进行建模预测,即首先对风速动态信号进行经验模式分解,将原信号分解为若干个不同特征尺度(频率)的本征模态函数,然后对不同频带的平稳IMF分量分别建立多步预测的最小二乘支持向量机模型,将各分量的预测值等权求和得到最终预测值。实例分析结果表明,与单一的最小二乘支持向量机预测方法相比,经验模态分解与多步预测的最小二乘支持向量机相结合的风速预测方法误差小,可应用于风速预测中。     

基于K-L变换的支持向量机在汽轮机故障诊断中的应用

支持向量机应用于故障诊断是近年来研究的热点,在支持向量机算法的基础上,以汽轮机故障为例,引入了K-L变换对故障特征进行提取。结果表明,经K-L变换后的支持向量机算法能够保证故障信息的完整性,有效识别临界故障状态,提高了故障的分类精度,扩展了支持向量机的应用范畴。     

联合模糊聚类和多样本SSO优化SVR的配电通信网络流

针对电力通信网络流量预测问题,提出了一种联合模糊聚类和多样本群居蜘蛛优化（social spider optimization,SSO）SVR的配电网络流量预测方案。针对配电网络流量时序非线性、周期性特点,首先采用自适应模糊聚类方法（adaptive fuzzy C-means clustering）对流量样本数据进行预处理,实现了样本数据聚类自动划分,有效降低了流量数据短相关性对预测精度的影响;然后利用多样本SSO优化算法（multi-sample social spider optimization algorithm）对SVR预测模型参数进行优化,通过引入多样本、网格迭代进化策略,从而得到不同流量数据聚类对应的最佳SVR参数组合;最后,运用多样本SSO优化SVR模型对预测数据进行预测分析。仿真结果表明,同ARIMA、神经网络等配电网路流量预测模型相比,提出的预测方案预测精度提高了18.8%~34.1%。     

Machine learning methods for short‐term bid forecasting in the renewable energy market: A case study in Italy

In liberalized markets, there usually exists a day‐ahead session where energy is sold and acquired for the following production day. Owing to the high uncertainty of its production, renewable energy (wind in particular) can significantly influence the network imbalance of the following day. In this work, we consider the problem of predicting the sum of the bid volumes for wind energy of all the producers inside the day‐ahead energy market. This is a valuable tool to be used by an energy provider in order to determine the imbalance of a market zone and, thus, properly size its bids. In particular, we focus on the estimation of the possible relationship between the meteorological forecasts and the wind power offered on the market by the companies for a market zone. We propose a machine learning model which is used to compute a 1‐day‐ahead forecast. The input‐output mapping is obtained by support vector regression. The input feature vector is defined by a suitable feature extraction technique since the meteorological forecasts are given on a lattice of thousands of geographical points. The computational experiments are performed considering the Italian market as a case study (years 2012‐2016). The results show that the proposed feature extraction technique, selecting only some geographical zones, manages to reduce the error attained using all the features. Moreover, classical statistical methods are shown to be outperformed by machine learning models. The analysis reveals also some weaknesses of the model, which may be due to other nonmeteorological factors at play.     

孤岛工作面回风巷围岩控制与支护技术

以鹤壁四矿2604孤岛工作面回风巷为研究对象,采用FLAC3D模拟了巷道围岩的垂直应力,得出了巷道垂直应力与围岩深度的关系曲线。围岩垂直应力峰值点位置相差较大,顶板和采空侧围岩深部垂直应力趋于一定值,煤柱边缘垂直应力较小。针对围岩破碎,顶煤厚度大,提出了高强高预紧力锚杆与斜拉锚索梁结构联合控制技术,使浅部围岩与深部围岩形成统一的承载结构,矿压观测结果:顶底板相对移近量为215mm,两帮相对移近量为157mm,顶板离层量为35mm,为类似条件下的巷道支护提供借鉴。     

缓倾斜厚煤层综放工作面跨空巷开采技术与实践

为了防止红会四矿4701综放工作面跨空巷回采过程中出现空巷冒落、架前冒顶等事故,确保工作面回采过程支护及时到位。通过建立工作面正常推进及工作面渐近空巷时的支架力学模型,研究了支架在正常推进过程和渐近空巷时的受力状态。结果表明:工作面过空巷时支架工作阻力将增大,一般为正常周期来压的1.5~2.0倍;通过采用架设木垛和充填矿渣相结合的超前支护空巷方案,采取板梁垫底、工作面伪斜开采、加快推进速度、控制工作面过空巷段时的放煤量、带压擦顶移架等综合技术措施,能较好地控制空巷段围岩的变形,确保了综放工作面跨空巷的安全回采。     

煤矿支架工况振弦式无线监测系统的研究与设计

针对目前矿井工作面液压支架工况监测上的不足,设计了一种基于无线压力表网络的井下液压支架工况监测系统。介绍了该系统的结构设计,详细阐述了该系统的结构原理,通过系统的测试和结果分析表明,该系统简单、可靠、经济,具有广阔的应用前景。     

极软岩巷道交岔点钢管混凝土支架结构设计与应用

为解决极软岩巷道交岔点支护问题,结合钢管混凝土支架和极软岩巷道围岩的力学特性,分析了钢管混凝土支架控制极软岩巷道变形的机理。对查干淖尔一号井井底车场中3个极软岩巷道交岔点支护问题采用了工程类比法进行分析,结果认为:若能充分发挥钢管混凝土的结构优势,采用"194 mm×10 mm钢管混凝土支架+钢筋网+400 mm厚混凝土喷层"的支护方案可有效控制3个极软岩巷道交岔点的围岩变形。因此,设计了适用于极软岩巷道交岔点的钢管混凝土支架结构形式:极软岩巷道交叉点钢管混凝土支架,采用由支撑架和"C"形异形支架组成的组合结构。提出了查干淖尔煤矿井底车场3个交岔点的支护方案,并进行现场支护试验。现场支护试验证明:巷道交岔点支护2 a后,收敛量小于100 mm,巷道稳定性良好。