辽河油田蒸汽驱发泡剂助排方案优化研究

针对辽河油田矿场在开发过程中容易出现地层能量下降和汽窜问题,为了达到改善蒸汽驱的开发效果的目的,选择蒸汽驱发泡剂做为研究对象,以静态性能做为评价指标,开展了发泡剂性能评价效果实验。发泡剂注入地层之后会产生大量泡沫,泡沫对于提高采收率起着重大作用。泡沫一方面起到了增大地层压力,可以驱油。另一方面起到了封窜作用。结果表明:发泡剂质量分数在0.4%时发泡性能最佳。此时发泡剂生成的泡沫量达到最理想效果。优选0.5%为该辽河油田的最优发泡剂质量分数。     

X区块二类油层聚合物驱注入参数优选

X区块二类油层目前已进入高含水后期开采,平均含水91.7%。油层水淹程度高,水驱调整难度越来越大,为了减缓产量递减,改善油田开发效果,初步计划对X区块注水开发10年后进行聚合物驱挖潜。通过数值模拟方法,研究该区块聚合物溶液浓度、不同聚合物用量对驱油效果的影响。结果表明:适合该区块的聚合物溶液浓度为1 200 mg/L,最佳聚合物用量为1 200 mg/(L·PV)。     

大庆油田弱碱三元复合驱采出液电脱水性质研究

为确定弱碱三元复合驱采出液处理技术,进行了弱碱三元复合驱采出液电脱水性质研究。利用电导率测定仪、原油智能脱水试验仪、原油介电强度自动测试仪等仪器测定弱碱三元复合驱采出液电导率、含水率、击穿场强。结果表明:弱碱三元复合驱采出液电导率测试值约在4×10~3~2×10~4μs/cm之间;在保证原油含水达标合理的情况下电场强度为1 400~1 700 V/cm,电脱时间为60~90 min;影响击穿场强主要因素是含水量、活性剂含量,其次是温度。     

Hydraulic Performance of an Annular Pulsed Disc-and-Doughnut Column

The annular pulsed disc-and-doughnut column (APDDC) is an important type of solvent-extraction equipment used in the PUREX process. Though it has been used in several commercial reprocessing plants in the world, there are few research results reported in the literature. In the present work, experiments were carried out in a stainless steel annular pulsed disc-and-doughnut column with aqueous phase and organic phase as the continuous fluid separately. The air-purge method was used to measure parameters including the two-phase densities, column weight, and two-phase interface location, which were fed back to a computer for column control. The holdup and Sauter drop diameter, the latter of which was calculated based on the gravitational settling model, are correlated as functions of the operating conditions (such as pulsation intensity, total flux, and flow ratio). Flooding holdup and throughput were determined experimentally and found in good agreement with those predicted by the model of the Sauter drop diameter. Based on the experimental data, operating regimes are divided referring to existing models. In addition, the effects of internal wettability on the hydraulic characteristics are also discussed.     

超临界CO2混相驱油技术现状研究

针对我国低渗油田的特点、自然产能低、二氧化碳混相驱替的驱油机理、最小混相压力的确定,替中存在的气窜、气源、结垢等问题。地层压力下降陕等引采收率低的现状,介绍了以及适用混相驱替油田的标准,提出了混相驱     

花土沟油田精细注水开发实践及认识

花土沟油田为典型的长井段薄互层复杂断块油藏,非均质性严重,油水关系复杂,注采对应差,注水单层突进,地层压力下降快,产量递减幅度较大。为了改善该油藏的水驱开发效果,在精细油藏描述的基础上,通过实施改善水质、井网完善、层系细分、水井分注、剩余油挖潜等精细注采调整工作,达到“注好水、注够水、精细注水、有效注水”目的,注采井数比由1：2.7提高到1：1.7,水驱控制程度和动用程度明显提高,地层压力稳中有升,自然递减率由14.37%降低到8.7%,综合开发效果得到了明显提高。     

PEMFC阴极扩散层结构特性对水淹影响的数值分析

建立质子交换膜燃料电池一维两相传递模型,通过达西定律和菲克定律的联立求解得到扩散层中的液体饱和度和氧气浓度分布。考察扩散层特性参数孔隙率、厚度、接触角、渗透率对阴极水淹的影响,结果表明扩散层表面憎水将有助于液态水移出,但当达到憎水条件后,增大接触角对液态水传输和氧气传质的影响逐渐变小。憎水条件下孔隙率和厚度对液态水传输的影响不是很明显,但孔隙率增大和扩散层厚度减小均有利于氧气传质,实际应用中孔隙率增大的同时,厚度也要适当增大,极限电流密度相差不大。模型计算结果与文献中不同PTFE含量条件下实验的Tafel斜率和极限电流密度比较,吻合较好。     

Hydrodynamics of the Stripper Section of Fluid Cokers

The hydrodynamics of fluid bed cokers were studied by analyzing pressure fluctuations and particle motion in a half‐column cold model, geometrically and dynamically similar (with key dimensionless groups matched) to the stripper section of two commercial fluid cokers. Superficial gas velocity and solids circulation strongly affected the hydrodynamics. The pressure drop over the top section of the stripper decreased at high solids circulation fluxes and high gas velocities due to flooding. Flooding occurred prematurely when fouling was simulated. Steam redistribution did not improve stripper performance for the conditions investigated. However, steep sheds on the top row, aeration behind the solids exit and standpipe aeration all improved solids circulation, leading to reduced fouling in two commercial fluid cokers.     

多注入轮次提高等流度二元驱采收率的实验研究

针对J16块试验区实施二元驱时,存在注入液在不同渗透性地层中推进速度不均匀、驱油效果变差等问题,开展了多注入轮次提高等流度二元驱采收率的室内实验研究。结果表明:在二元体系的成分和用量相同的条件下,不同注入轮次等流度二元驱采收率不同。实验条件下,四轮次注入时化学驱采出程度最高,达到35.2%,高出一轮次7.49%。多轮次注入二元体系较单轮次注入能够更好的控制含水上升速度,长时间维持较高注入压力,更大限度增强等流度驱油效果。