用格子Boltzmann方法模拟涌波的反射与绕射

本文应用格子Boltzmann模型建立离散动力学模型,并利用Chapman Enskog对模型的方程组进行展开,建立了模拟二维浅水动力学的方程组。在从理论上证明了它严格地满足质量和动量的基本守恒定律的基础上,应用所建立的模型进行数值试验,模拟了溃坝涌波现象及其与固壁和建筑物的相互作用。利用这一模型计算了溃坝波与水中方柱和圆柱的相互作用,以及明渠内的涌波的反射和绕射复杂流场。该模型具有显式的表达形式,易于编程应用;粒子运动是彼此独立的,适合于并行数值计算;边界条件易于处理;易于处理多相流动微观机制等优点。     

水电站调压室涌浪最不利叠加时刻的研究

在计算长引水隧洞水电站和抽水蓄能电站的调压室涌浪水位时须考虑叠加工况已是共识,但最不利叠加时刻应如何确定,一直没人作过认真探讨。本文从调压室基本方程出发,根据能量转换的观点,分析论证了最不利叠加的物理实质和发生位置,指出最不利叠加时刻应选在初始工况和叠加工况的调压室水位-隧洞流量关系曲线的相切点。通过调压室基本方程的数值解和具体抽水蓄能电站涌浪叠架的计算分析,进一步验证了该结论。     

RESEARCH ON THE CONDITION TO SET A TAILRACE SURGE TANK

When using the draft-tube vacuum to be less than 8. 0m as the rule to set a tailrace surge tank, a mixing function that describes the process of water-hammer vacuum and velocity-head vacuum varied with time is proposed, on the assumption that the guide vane of the hydraulic turbine and the turbine discharge were all changed linearly. An exact maximum of the draft-tube vacuum for the first-phase waterhammer and the last-phase water-hammer is obtained. Finally a much more reasonable formula of critical tailrace length is derived. The results of two cases show that the formula proposed can determine correctly and reasonably whether a tailrace surge tank is needed or not, and are more suitable for project design than the formula suggested by the specification.     

抽水蓄能电站输水系统取消尾水调压室研究

对河南省宝泉抽水蓄能电站输水系统取消尾水调压室方案进行了计算研究．结果表明,通过考虑机组特性、导叶关闭规律及合理整定调速器参数,虽然该抽水蓄能电站尾水道长度超过800m,取消尾水调压室方案仍是可行的．通过加大尾水隧洞断面面积,降低尾水隧洞流速,有效地抑制了输水系统过渡过程中尾水管进口负压,计算成果已作为宝泉抽水蓄能电站输水系统取消尾水调压室方案比较的重要依据之一。     

应用DCS实施大型机组的控制

根据大型机组控制特点，以空分装置空气压缩机的控制为例，重点介绍了如何应用ＴＤＣ３０００系统的控制组态软件，实施大型机组的联锁控制和防喘振控制。     

基于分流比的复杂分汊河道滑坡涌浪远场传播计算方法

基于分汊河道的分流比理论,综合斜条分法和水阻力影响等经典滑速分析方法,提出一种适用于复杂分汊河道的涌浪远场传播计算方法。以雅砻江两河口水电站磨古倾倒滑坡体为例,考虑磨古倾倒滑坡体至两河口水电站坝前河道分汊的实际工况,应用所提出的方法分析两河口库区磨古倾倒滑坡体涌浪产生和传播特征,得到了二期蓄水位2785 m 工况下2 种典型滑坡滑动模式涌浪的初始浪高、坝前浪高及大坝爬高。结果表明:滑坡沿折断带滑动时滑坡涌浪至大坝浪高为9. 32 m;沿强弱倾倒分界面滑动时滑坡涌浪至大坝浪高为14. 73 m。     

新型防雷及抗干扰方法在电铲控制系统的应用

电铲是采区主要采掘设备,其弱电控制系统是电铲正常可靠运行的关键。由于雷击或电磁干扰造成弱电控制系统装置的损坏或工作异常等故障,已成为影响电铲安全正常运行的重要因素。针对现有电铲控制系统防雷抗干扰现状、存在的问题及影响,研究了一种新型防雷抗干扰方法,并分析了其在电铲弱电控制系统中的应用和实施效果。实际运行表明,新型防雷抗干扰方法能够有效提高电铲弱电控制系统防雷及抗干扰能力,对电铲及其他弱电控制系统防雷抗干扰的研究和应用具有积极的现实意义,且有着很好的推广价值。     

引子渡水电站引水系统关键技术

引子渡水电站采用长引水系统,在下游较宽敞的胡家大地平地布置发电厂房、以使发电厂房远离雾化区,从而保障良好的运行条件,同时也有利于施工、减少施工的相互干扰。引水系统线路总长1100m,采用一洞－三机供水方式,由岸塔式进水口、引水隧洞、阻抗式调压井、压力钢管等组成。该引水系统线路长、建筑物复杂、洞室围岩稳定性较差。经过对引水系统的水力过渡过程分析计算、调保计算和结构计算,满足了结构、大小波动稳定和运行的要求。     

制气式调压室在带有长尾水隧洞的水电站中的应用

制气式调压室与常规开敞式调压室相比在不影响其削减水锤压力能力的同时,能有效地减缓调压室内的水位波动。为研究制气式调压室的运行机制,运用空气动力学原理,结合管道水锤方程、调压室波动方程,建立了制气式调压室的仿真数学模型。以西南地区带有尾水调压室的某大型水电站为例进行制气式和常规开敞式两种调压室方案的比较计算,计算结果表明,采用制气式调压室可使蜗壳出口最低负压并没有显著变化的同时提高调压室的最低水位,从而减小工程量,节约投资。并由于采用制气式调压室后调压室内水位波动衰减加快,对系统的稳定运行更为有利。     

A numerical study of hydrodynamic characteristics and hydrological processes in the coastal wetlands during extreme events

Providing accurate predictions of extreme water levels through numerical simulation has become essential for disaster prevention and damage mitigation in coastal wetland areas.This study applies the FVCOM model to simulate storm surges caused by several typhoons in the Bohai Sea and the North Huanghai Sea.The vegetation drag force caused by salt marsh plants is inserted into the FVCOM model for model improvement with vegetation effect by integrating RS and GIS technologies.A parametric typhoon model is coupled with background wind fields derived to acquire the spatio-temporal variations of wind and pressure fields in the computational domain.The simulation results reproduce the extreme storm surges induced by typhoon events very well.The modeling results are compared by validating with literature results to examine the effect of vegetation on tidal waves in tidal mud flats.Moreover,the coupled model is also applied to explore storm surge attenuation and land intrusion during Typhoon Winnie in the wetlands of the Liao River Estuary.The simulation results indicate that salt marsh plants can reduce the flow current with little impact on tide flooding/ebbing in vegetated regions.Furthermore,the results show that typhoon presence increases the inundation depth and extendes the flood time in the tidal wetlands of the study region.The FVCOM model incorporating the method with vegetation drag force can provide new insights to understand the comprehensive impact of tidal wetland plants on hydrodynamic characteristics in the Bohai Sea and other waters,hence presents a more accurate quantification of the hydrological process of storm surge in the tidal wetlands.