CH_4、CO_2与O_2制合成气的研究 Ⅱ工艺条件的影响

在固定床反应器中考察了１２％Ｎｉ－５％ＲＥ－２％Ｃｕ－２％Ｌｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３（ｍａｓｓ）催化剂在ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２与Ｏ２催化氧化重整制合成气反应中催化剂粒径、工艺操作条件（空速与温度）及原料气配比对反应的影响，确定了较佳的操作条件：催化剂粒径２０～４０目，反应最佳温度为８００℃，ＳＶ＝４×１０４ｍｌ／（ｇ·ｈ）。同时看到在不同的原料气配比的条件下该催化剂的活性亦很稳定，不仅达到了反应平衡，且产物Ｖ（ＣＯ）／Ｖ（Ｈ２）比有很强的调变性。     

合成气制二甲醚的研究进展

简要介绍了合成气制二甲醚的原理，工艺流程，双功能催化剂以及近年来的发展状况。     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气催化剂的研究进展

综述了甲烷部分氧化制合成气的研究意义和现状，从金属活性组分，载体效应，载量选择，助剂添加和制备方法等因素对催化剂活性的影响及研究进行了系统。结合本课题组的研究结果及文献报道，分析了Ni基催化剂的失活特性，并提出使用等离子体技术对Ni基催化剂进行改笥处理，以提高其催化稳定性的技术展望。     

合成气制烃的催化过程和催化剂发展动态

4 合成气直接制烃催化剂提高合成过程竞争力的总趋势是控制选择性,开发定向合成催化过程和催化剂。目的产品是液体燃料汽油、柴油,化工原料乙烯、丙烯、异丁烯等低碳烯烃以及裂解原料低碳烷烃。4.1 合成低碳烯烃     

尾气余热制氢汽油机的燃烧机理构建与简化

为了对尾气余热制氢汽油机的缸内燃烧进行仿真,发展了适合这一燃烧形式的反应机理.分析了重整气的组分,选用甲烷机理GRI 3.0和汽油替代燃料机理,构建了包含334种组分和1672步反应的可用于汽油/重整气燃烧仿真的详细机理,并通过直接关系图法对构建的详细机理进行了简化,最后得到了包含40种组分和171步反应的简化机理.通过一维汽油机模型对该简化机理进行了验证,验证内容包括缸内平均压力、压力误差、缸内平均温度、温度误差、放热率、放热率误差以及OH的摩尔分数,验证了简化机理的有效性.     

合成气甲烷化过程热力学分析

以化学热力学为基础,利用FactSage软件对2种典型的煤气化合成气甲烷化反应过程进行了热力学计算和分析。研究了合成气的组分、氢气的配比、反应温度、压力等条件对甲烷化过程的影响,特别是氢气的配比研究,区别于常规对H_2/CO分析而是以氢气的理论配比H_2/(3CO+4CO_2)进行分析。结果表明:反应器操作压力对甲烷化过程的影响不明显,合成气的组分、氢气的配比、反应温度的选择对甲烷化过程的影响较大。得出:合成气甲烷化过程应采用多段反应器,最终控制温度为(300~350)℃;操作压力一般为(3.0~3.5)MPa;H_2的配比采用理论配比时生产出的CH_4浓度高。     

关于化肥生产合成气的技术路线探讨

本文分析了我国化肥生产的现状，提出了氮肥生产中技术革新、节约能源的必要性，介绍了灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化及粉煤循环流化床燃烧技术，并从技术经济的角度对利用这一新技术来解决我国生产氮肥用合成气的可行性进行了探讨。     

合成气燃气轮机燃烧室的试验研究

对某分管型燃气轮机燃烧室及其两个用于燃烧中热值合成气的改造方案在中压全尺寸试验台上进行了考核和实验研究。试验采用的等容积流率模化准则,即采用与真实燃烧室相同的尺寸、燃料、过量空气系数以及燃料和空气进口温度,而空气的总压和流量以及燃料的流量取为真实参数的1/6。试验结果表明2个改造方案的性能参数,包括燃烧效率、总压损失、出口温度分布、火焰筒壁面温度分布和火焰的稳定性(贫燃料熄火极限)都能够满足设计要求。此外,与原型燃烧室燃烧轻柴油的工况相比,2个改造方案在燃烧合成气时燃烧室主燃区的火焰筒壁面温度升高,而燃烧室的NOx排放大大降低,火焰的稳定性得到明显改善。因此保持火焰筒开孔规律不变,增大气体燃料喷射孔面积并增强旋流对燃烧室进行改造,使其能够高效洁净地燃烧中热值合成气,该方法是可行的。     

Oxy‐fuel combustion technology: current status,applications, and trends

The increased level of emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere due to burning of fossil fuels represents one of the main barriers toward the reduction of greenhouse gases and the control of global warming. In the last decades, the use of renewable and clean sources of energies such as solar and wind energies has been increased extensively. However, due to the tremendously increasing world energy demand, fossil fuels would continue in use for decades which necessitates the integration of carbon capture technologies (CCTs) in power plants. These technologies include oxycombustion, pre‐combustion, and post‐combustion carbon capture. Oxycombustion technology is one of the most promising carbon capture technologies as it can be applied with slight modifications to existing power plants or to new power plants. In this technology, fuel is burned using an oxidizer mixture of pure oxygen plus recycled exhaust gases (consists mainly of CO₂). The oxycombustion process results in highly CO₂‐concentrated exhaust gases, which facilitates the capture process of CO₂ after H₂O condensation. The captured CO₂ can be used for industrial applications or can be sequestrated. The current work reviews the current status of oxycombustion technology and its applications in existing conventional combustion systems (including gas turbines and boilers) and novel oxygen transport reactors (OTRs). The review starts with an introduction to the available CCTs with emphasis on their different applications and limitations of use, followed by a review on oxycombustion applications in different combustion systems utilizing gaseous, liquid, and coal fuels. The current status and technology readiness level of oxycombustion technology is discussed. The novel application of oxycombustion technology in OTRs is analyzed in some details. The analyses of OTRs include oxygen permeation technique, fabrication of oxygen transport membranes (OTMs), calculation of oxygen permeation flux, and coupling between oxygen separation and oxycombustion of fuel within the same unit called OTR. The oxycombustion process inside OTR is analyzed considering coal and gaseous fuels. The future trends of oxycombustion technology are itemized and discussed in details in the present study including: (i) ITMs for syngas production; (ii) combustion utilizing liquid fuels in OTRs; (iii) oxy‐combustion integrated power plants and (iv) third generation technologies for CO₂ capture. Techno‐economic analysis of oxycombustion integrated systems is also discussed trying to assess the future prospects of this technology. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Overview of underground coal gasification operations at Chinchilla,Australia

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a process which converts deep, un-mineable or difficult to mine coal resources into syngas which can then be converted into valuable end products such as electric power, liquid fuels, synthetic natural gas and chemicals. This paper provides a summary of the UCG operations conducted at the Chinchilla Demonstration Facility in Australia, focusing on gasifiers constructed using directional drilling. A number of the experiences and key lessons learned from operating multiple underground gasifiers over several years at the facility are described. Implications for the implementation in commercial projects using UCG are also discussed. Finally, the potential of UCG as a method for producing syngas from deep coal is discussed and some of the challenges and opportunities are summarized.