LaFeO3氧载体在乙烷化学链干重整中的性能评估

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了钙钛矿型氧化物LaFeO₃,在固定床上研究了反应温度和重时空速对氧载体在乙烷化学链干重整中性能的影响,以及氧载体的长周期循环性能．结果表明LaFeO₃氧载体可实现乙烷向合成气的高效转化,还原态的氧载体可以被CO₂氧化以实现其晶格氧的恢复,且表面积碳能被有效清除．反应最佳温度为800℃,此时CO产率最高(54.84%),最佳重时空速为12 000 L/(kg·h),CO选择性最高(60.16%)．在20次循环实验中,LaFeO₃氧载体的各项性能指标波动幅度较小,具有较好的反应稳定性．     

生物质化学链气化联合燃气轮机发电系统模拟

使用Aspen Plus软件对以Fe_2O_3为载氧体的生物质化学链气化系统进行模拟,分析温度、压力、载氧体与生物质摩尔比、水蒸气与生物质摩尔比等因素对合成气制备的影响;对不同生物质的气化条件进行优化;将气化制得的合成气通入M701F燃气轮机中发电,考察系统的发电效率。结果表明:常压下,不同生物质气化的优化温度均在740℃左右,此时制备的合成气冷煤气效率较高;提高反应压力有利于系统热量自平衡,但合成气的冷煤气效率降低;载氧体与生物质摩尔比的优化值与生物质中氧碳摩尔比呈负相关,且达到优化值时,气化环境中氧碳摩尔比在1.25左右;水蒸气通入气化系统后冷煤气效率可提高15.00%～20.00%,主要原因为H_2的产量显著增加,通入水蒸气后的气化环境的氧碳比在1.4左右时,制备合成气的冷煤气效率较高;系统的发电效率在30.00%～37.00%,高于生物质发电效率。     

CH_4-CO_2两步制合成气过程的热力学分析

以热力学为基础讨论了甲烷裂解制氢、ＣＯ２和／或Ｏ２气消碳制ＣＯ，并集成为两步制合成气过程的可行性及其优缺点；讨论了此过程的操作条件。计算表明，６００℃是适宜的操作温度；此温度下采用组成为含氧１２．４％（ｍｏｌ）ＣＯ２－Ｏ２的混合气作为脱碳气体，可消去积碳和消碳两步达到热量的供给平衡。     

热解温度对CuZnAl催化剂CO加氢制备低碳醇性能的影响

将完全液相法与热解法结合制备了CuZnAl催化剂,并在固定床反应器上进行了CO加氢制备低碳醇活性评价,结合XRD、XPS、O₂-TPO-MS、H₂-TPR、N₂吸/脱附以及NH;-TPD-MS表征手段,考察了热解温度对催化剂结构和性能的影响。结果表明,随着热解温度的升高,Cu-Zn-Al间相互作用增强,Cu的电子向Zn和Al物种转移,Cu氧化程度增大;催化剂表面碳含量降低,弱酸中心数量减少,比表面积先升高后降低,CO转化率则与比表面积呈现顺变关系。700℃热解所制备催化剂上CO转化率最高,达到23.6%;总醇选择性则随热解温度的升高而下降,350℃热解所制备催化剂上总醇选择性最高,为41.9%。     

焦炉气非催化部分氧化与催化部分氧化制合成气工艺比较

提出了一种可用于焦炉气转化的非催化部分氧化工艺,并进行了研究;同时对焦炉气非催化部分氧化和催化部分氧化制合成气工艺进行了比较,结果表明,催化部分氧化需要大量的外加蒸汽,其总体能耗并不比非催化部分氧化法低。     

串行流化床生物质气化制取合成气试验研究

串行流化床气化是一种崭新的气化技术,可将气化和燃烧过程分隔开,气化反应器和燃烧反应器之间依靠惰性固体载热体进行热量传递。以水蒸气为气化介质,在小型串行流化床试验装置上进行生物质气化制取合成气的试验研究,探讨气化反应器温度T、水蒸气与生物质比率S/B对气化结果的影响。试验结果表明,燃烧反应器内燃烧烟气不会串混至气化反应器,该气化技术能够稳定连续地从气化反应器获得不含N2的高品质合成气。随着气化反应器温度的提高,合成气中j(H2)/j(CO)减小,合成气产率增加,热值降低,总碳转换率先升高而后保持不变。随着S/B的增大,合成气产率和总碳转换率均先升高而后降低,S/B的最佳值为1.4。在试验阶段获得的最高合成气产率为1.87 m3/kg,合成气热值为13.20 MJ/m3,总碳转化率为91%。     

Design of experiments and analysis of dual fluidized bed gasifier for syngas production: Cold flow studies

Biomass gasification is a thermo-chemical process widely accepted as a future technology for syngas production. Numerous types of gasification systems have been proposed and studied in the past. Recent developments have shown that Dual Fluidized Bed (DFB) gasifier are commercially more attractive for production of the hydrogen-rich syngas as compared to others. DFB gasification system is very complex in construction and operation. Hence, a detailed understanding of hydrodynamics in such systems is essential for optimum design and scale-up. Hydrodynamics of DFB gasifier mainly depends on the Solid Circulation Rate (SCR). SCR is governed by riser velocity, gasifier velocity, and loop seal velocities. In present work, Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) based Response Surface Method (RSM) was employed to determine the effect of riser velocity, gasifier velocity, recycle chamber velocity, supply chamber velocity, and vertical supply chamber velocity and their interaction on the SCR. Adequacy of regression model developed from RSM was confirmed using ANOVA analysis. The value of coefficient of determination (R²) of the model was 0.9729, which confirms model represents the experimental results satisfactorily. Riser and recycle chamber velocity were found to be most significant parameters, plays an important role in SCR in DFB gasifier.     

Experimental and kinetic study on laminar flame speeds of ammonia/syngas/air at a high temperature and elevated pressure

The laminar flame speeds of ammonia mixed with syngas at a high pressure, temperature, and different syngas ratios were measured. The data obtained were fitted at different pressures, temperatures, syngas ratios, and equivalence ratios. Four kinetic models (the Glarborg model, Shrestha model, Mei model, and Han model) were compared and validated with experimental data. Pathway, sensitivity and radical pool analysis are conducted to find out the deep kinetic insight on ammonia oxidation and NO formation. The pathway analysis shows that H abstraction reactions and NH_i combination reactions play important roles in ammonia oxidation. NO formation is closely related to H, OH, the O radical produced, and formation reactions. NO is mainly formed from reaction, HNO+ H= NO+ H₂. Furthermore, both ammonia oxidation and NO formation are sensitive to small radical reactions and ammonia related reactions.     

甲烷直接氧化制合成气NiO-MgO催化剂研究

考察了三种NiO-MgO催化剂制备方法对CH_4直接氧化制合成气反应催化性能的影响,其中,以负载型催化剂为最佳;在850℃、0.1MPa、CH_4/O_2比为1.85条件下,当NiO含量为11%、CH_4空速1.0×10~5h~(-1)时,CH_4转化率达93%,CO选择性95%,H_2选择性91%。当NiO含量为16%、CH_4空速为3.0×10~5h~(-1)时,转化率和选择性分别为88%、94%和90%。实验结果表明,反应包括了直接转化和通过生成CO_2和H_2O中间产物两种机理。     

陈化对超细CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂性能及结构的影响

草酸盐胶体共沉淀法超细催化剂的后处理条件（前体沉淀的陈化时间）明显影响催化剂的性能，发现陈化时间为２ｈ的催经剂活性最高。本系列催化剂的结构分析表明，ＺｎＯ２和Ｃｕ４Ｏ３２种物相对催化剂活性有着显著影响。