Effect of H2S on the performance of La0.7Ce0.2FeO3 perovskite catalyst for high temperature water–gas shift reaction

The effect of H₂S on the performance of La_0.7Ce_0.2FeO₃ perovskite catalyst was investigated for the production of hydrogen from simulated coal-derived syngas via the water–gas shift reaction at 600 °C and 1 atm. The results show that the catalyst activity decreases with increasing concentrations of H₂S up to 1100 ppm, but the negative effect of H₂S on its activity is reversible. However, even at the high H₂S concentrations catalyst activity is still greater than that measured with sour shift catalyst. Overall, the results indicate that La_0.7Ce_0.2FeO₃ perovskite catalyst has a high degree of H₂S tolerance, particularly in the low H₂S concentration regime.     

合成气制低碳烯烃铁催化剂活性相的研究进展

近年来，合成气制低碳烯烃铁基催化剂的研究备受广大研究者关注，但催化剂的活性相备受争议。大多数研究者认为碳化铁是合成气制低碳烯烃的活性相。本文归纳总结了近些年研究者对活性相碳化铁的研究，重点阐述了催化剂及其活性相的制备方法、还原气体、渗碳温度等因素对形成碳化铁的影响以及活性相碳化铁及暴露于催化剂表面的碳化铁晶面对合成气制低碳烯烃催化性能及产物分布的影响。今后工作的重点是进一步制备和研究不同结构的碳化铁活性相对目标产物的调控。此外，碳化铁的晶面对产物分布的影响也是未来的研究方向。     

煤气的流速对发气量的影响

介绍固定层煤气炉系统中,余热锅炉、洗涤塔、气柜等管道直径的配置原则,以及系统各处流速对发气量的影响。     

Effect of supplementary firing options on cycle performance and CO2 emissions of an IGCC power generation system

Supplementary firing is adopted in combined‐cycle power plants to reheat low‐temperature gas turbine exhaust before entering into the heat recovery steam generator. In an effort to identify suitable supplementary firing options in an integrated gasification combined‐cycle (IGCC) power plant configuration, so as to use coal effectively, the performance is compared for three different supplementary firing options. The comparison identifies the better of the supplementary firing options based on higher efficiency and work output per unit mass of coal and lower CO₂ emissions. The three supplementary firing options with the corresponding fuel used for the supplementary firing are: (i) partial gasification with char, (ii) full gasification with coal and (iii) full gasification with syngas. The performance of the IGCC system with these three options is compared with an option of the IGCC system without supplementary firing. Each supplementary firing option also involves pre‐heating of the air entering the gas turbine combustion chamber in the gas cycle and reheating of the low‐pressure steam in the steam cycle. The effects on coal consumption and CO₂ emissions are analysed by varying the operating conditions such as pressure ratio, gas turbine inlet temperature, air pre‐heat and supplementary firing temperature. The results indicate that more work output is produced per unit mass of coal when there is no supplementary firing. Among the supplementary firing options, the full gasification with syngas option produces the highest work output per unit mass of coal, and the partial gasification with char option emits the lowest amount of CO₂ per unit mass of coal. Based on the analysis, the most advantageous option for low specific coal consumption and CO₂ emissions is the supplementary firing case having full gasification with syngas as the fuel. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of phosphine in syngas on Ni-YSZ anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells

Ni-YSZ cermet is commonly used as the anode of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) because it has excellent electrochemical performance, not only in hydrogen fuel, but also in a clean blended synthetic coal syngas mixture (30% H₂, 26% H₂O, 23% CO, and 21% CO₂). However, trace impurities, such as phosphine (PH₃), in coal-derived syngas can cause degradation in cell performance [J.P. Trembly, R.S. Gemmen, D.J. Bayless, J. Power Sources 163 (2007) 986-996]. A commercial solid oxide fuel cell was exposed to a syngas with 10 ppm PH₃ under a constant current load at 800 °C and its performance was evaluated periodically using electrochemical methods. The central part of the anode was exposed directly to the syngas without an intervening current collector. Post-mortem analyses of the SOFC anode were performed using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the impurity PH₃ caused a significant loss of the Ni-YSZ anode electrochemical performance and an irreversible Ni-YSZ structural modification. Ni₅P₂ was confirmed to be produced on the cell surface as the dominant nickel phosphorus phase.     

熔融盐中晶格氧部分氧化甲烷制取合成气Ⅰ.原理和熔融盐体系分析

熔融盐中用晶格氧部分氧化甲烷制取合成气是一种有利于合理利用反应热,避免热点、爆炸等问题和降低生产成本的合成气制取新方法。对其原理、试验装置进行了介绍。通过理论计算和TG、DTA、TPD、TPR等试验方法对熔融盐系统和氧载体进行了研究分析。结果表明:选用质量比为1∶1的Na2CO3和K2CO3作为熔融盐体系较适合,且反应温度在800℃时较适宜;理论计算NiO、CeO2、CO3O4、ZnO作为晶格氧氧载体部分氧化甲烷制取合成气所需控制条件不同;800℃的熔融盐体系中,NiO是适合的氧载体。     

碳一化工技术路线简述

本文简要介绍了碳一化工合成体系发展的推动力及主要技术路线，并对今后碳一化工发展提出建议。     

优化甲醇合成气气质提高甲醇产量

本文针对四川维尼纶厂的乙炔尾气中碳含量偏高,氢含量不足致使乙炔尾气甲醇装置伴有恶臭气体产生问题,提出优化合成气气质,提高甲醇产量的解决方案,使川维现有甲醇装置的潜力得到进一步发挥。     

合成气压缩机内外缸体间“O”型环泄漏原因及处理

阐述了甲醇装置合成气压缩机内外缸体间“O”型环的泄漏情况，对泄漏原因进行分析，提出解决措施。     

用不同催化剂在流化床中合成甲醇

在流化床中利用合成气(V(H2)∶V(CO)=2)合成了甲醇,对比了C302,C306,LP201催化剂对甲醇合成反应的催化性能。考察了反应温度、氢碳比、CO空速对合成反应的影响;并对反应前后不同催化剂进行了X射线衍射(XRD)表征。研究结果表明,甲醇合成存在最佳的反应温度(210~250℃);增加压力,有利于CO转化率和甲醇选择性的提高,但使用不同催化剂时,甲醇选择性的变化趋势不同,相对于LP201催化剂,C302催化剂更适合较高压力,C306催化剂在低温下活性较好;甲醇的选择性与空速、氢碳比、压力均有关,提高空速、增加氢碳比均有利于提高甲醇的选择性,降低流化床中的气体返混,抑制甲醇的二次裂解。XRD表征结果表明,低氢碳比时,流化床中的催化剂无积碳。