煤基费托合成尾气流向变换自热式转化制合成气

提出了一种将热交换与反应相结合的流向变换自热反应器用于煤基费托合成尾气转化制合成气。反应器的进料分中间和旁路两处,采用蓄热式换热法回收高温重整气显热用于预热旁路进料。Aspen Plus拟稳态模拟结果表明:调整氧气与费托合成尾气流量比可以得到最大合成气收率,水蒸气从旁路加入能提高甲烷转化率与合成气收率;相比传统的自热重整反应器,它可以使氧耗降低约26%,同时合成气收率增加约9%。有效能分析发现该反应器可以减少反应过程的化学有效能损失。     

The effect of coal syngas containing HCl on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells: Investigations into the effect of operational temperature and HCl concentration

The performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) using simulated coal-derived syngas, with and without hydrogen chloride (HCl), was studied. Electrolyte-supported SOFCs were tested potentiostatically at 0.7 V at 800 and 900 °C with simulated coal syngas containing 0, 20, and 160 ppm HCl. The results from the tests without HCl show good performance with little degradation over 100 h of operation. Both 20 and 160 ppm HCl were shown to cause performance losses in the SOFCs after injection into the system. Although the tests presented in this paper show that HCl does cause degradation to SOFC performance, the cell performance was recoverable upon the removal of HCl from the fuel. Also recent results from anticipated Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle IGCC warm/hot-gas-cleanup technologies suggest that HCl will be removed to levels that will not cause any significant performance losses in SOFCs.     

天然气转化利用技术的研究进展

主要评述了自1995年以来,全球天然气转化利用商业化技术的重大进展,包括合成气生产、天然气制合成油、含氧化合物生产(主要是甲醇和二甲醚)、甲醇制烯烃。综述了甲烷脱氢芳构化反应制苯、部分氧化制甲醇、氧化偶联制乙烯的研究进展,并对发展我国天然气化工提出建议。     

粉末模压法制备甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应镍金属催化剂

普通的负载型镍基催化剂,在甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应条件下,存在活性组分易烧结、易流失等缺陷。本文采用粉末模压法制备金属镍催化剂,并研究了催化剂的制备条件及其影响因素。制备的催化剂体现了良好的催化活性,在原料气配比n(CH4)/n(O2)=2.0、反应温度950℃、空速1.4×105h-1时,CH4转化率为89.64%、O2几乎完全反应,H2和CO选择性分别为82.71%和88.90%。     

On the nature of catalyst promotion by manganese in CO hydrogenation to oxygenates over RhMn/NaY

CO hydrogenation over Mn promoted Rh/NaY catalysts was studied at 10 bar and 250°C. Significant selectivity to oxygenates, mainly ethanol and ethyl acetate, was obtained after neutralizing the protons that are formed during reduction of Rh ions. Layered bed experiments show that protons act as sites catalyzing secondary reactions. Protons also convert Mn(OH)₂ to Mn²⁺ ions; the catalysts with highest selectivity to oxygenates contain MnO particles and Rh clusters. The results suggest chemical interaction of adsorbates on Rh_n clusters with those on MnO.     

合成气直接合成二甲醚过程化学平衡分析

选用合适的热力学模型 ,对合成气直接合成二甲醚的反应进行了化学平衡分析。主要考察了反应温度、压力和原料组成等因素对化学平衡的影响。通过分析 ,获得了该过程更深入的反应热力学规律 ,为二甲醚合成过程反应器的模拟计算和研究开发提供了必要的理论依据     

Promotion and support effects in syngas reactions

A short review is presented on the problems of selectivity in the syngas reaction. Attention is mainly given to the role of promoters in these reactions. Several mechanisms of promotion are critically reviewed and analyzed.     

煤制乙醇技术与应用

介绍了目前正在开发和推广应用的几种合成气制乙醇技术,分析了这几条技术路线的技术经济。     

生物质在高频耦合等离子体中的热解气化研究

采用高频电容耦合等离子体热解技术对生物质原料进行了热解气化试验，研究气体产物产率、成分随反应条件的变化规律。反应在3000-8000Pa的真空范围内进行，热解温度为1000～2000K。该技术可大幅度提高生物质气的热值及产率，本试验中产气率达到了66％以上，并且还有提高的潜力。     

生物质合成气的化学当量比调整

针对生物质气化气中硫化物少、V（H2／CO）低和V（CO2）高的特点，采用气化炉内铁系高温变换催化剂和气化炉外钛促进的钴钼耐硫催化剂进行水煤气变换调整H2／CO比，添加部分沼气重整过量CO2，对生物质合成气化学当量比调整进行了实验研究。结果表明：气化炉内铁系催化剂调整效果不明显；在高温低硫的生物质气化气中，钛促进的钴钼耐硫催化剂具有较高的变换活性，CO转化率达到80％以上，合成气H2／CO比在1-8范围内可调；在V（CH4，CO2）=1、常压、750℃和镍基催化剂作用下沼气重整过量CO2，制备出宽V（H2／CO）、V（CO2）和V（CH4）均低于5％（摩尔百分比）的合成气；通过水煤气变换过程结合沼气重整过程，可依据目的产物合成的要求，制备合适化学当量比、高碳转化率的生物质合成气。