The uses of fuzzy logic in autonomous robot navigation

 The development of techniques for autonomous navigation in real-world environments constitutes one of the major trends in the current research on robotics. An important problem in autonomous navigation is the need to cope with the large amount of uncertainty that is inherent of natural environments. Fuzzy logic has features that make it an adequate tool to address this problem. In this paper, we review some of the possible uses of fuzzy logic in the field of autonomous navigation. We focus on four issues: how to design robust behavior-producing modules; how to coordinate the activity of several such modules; how to use data from the sensors; and how to integrate high-level reasoning and low-level execution. For each issue, we review some of the proposals in the literature, and discuss the pros and cons of fuzzy logic solutions. Received: 31 March 1997 / Accepted: 24 September 1997     

行为经济学——一门新兴的学科

进入９０年代以来，经济的发展又一次推动着经济理论的发展和演变．新经济的现象不断出现，使得经济学靠模型和计算机未能找到解决问题的答案，正统经济学再次受到严峻的挑战．与此同时，行为经济学，以人类的行为作为基本研究对象的经济理论，正逐步发展起来．本文将介绍行为经济学的产生和发展、主要理论观点以及一些行为分析对中国社会经济发展的启示．     

剪切场下聚合物结晶形态学研究进展

聚合物熔体被引入剪切场后，会发生与静态下不同的结晶现象。微观上可以得到伸直链晶体、片晶及串晶；宏观上除了静态下典型的球晶外，还能观察到球晶的变形和柱晶等。另外，剪切还可以使晶体发生晶型转变。本文对聚合物熔体在剪切场下结晶形态学的研究进展进行了介绍。     

公寓管理与大学生行为习惯的养成

高校学生公寓是学生学习、生活的重要场所，引导学生养成良好的行为习惯有助于学生公寓管理工作的顺利开展。文章从维护高校稳定、增强大学生的法律意识和法制观念、促进大学生自我发展、实现学生公寓“管理”、“育人”职能等方面论述学生行为习惯养成的重要性，并从制度建设、环境教育、文化熏陶、组织保障等方面提出具体对策措施。     

Physical Maltreatment Victim to Antisocial Child: Evidence of an Environmentally Mediated Process.

The well-documented finding that child physical maltreatment predicts later antisocial behavior has at least 2 explanations: (a) Physical maltreatment causes antisocial behavior, and (b) genetic factors transmitted from parents to children influence the likelihood that parents will be abusive and that children will engage in antisocial behavior. The authors tested these hypotheses in the representative Environmental-Risk cohort of 1,116 twin pairs and their families, who were assessed when the twins were 5 and 7 years old. Mothers reported on children's experience of physical maltreatment, and mothers and teachers reported on children's antisocial behavior. The findings support the hypothesis that physical maltreatment plays a causal role in the development of children's antisocial behavior and that preventing maltreatment can prevent its violent sequelae. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Donald Redfield Griffin (1915-2003).

Presents an obituary for Donald Redfield Griffin, who passed away on November 7, 2003. Dr. Griffin was noted for rigorous research in animal behavior, founding the field of cognitive ethology and suggesting that animals have subjective feelings and conscious thoughts that are amenable to scientific study. Dr. Griffin demonstrated that bats emit high-frequency sounds with which they can locate objects as small as flying insects and coined the term echolocation, and he conducted extensive studies of the manner in which birds orient toward home. Many scientists were influenced by him and showed great respect for this remarkable scientist. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Dark Side of Relational Pursuit: From Attraction to Obsession and Stalking,.

Review declaring pleasant surprise with this relatively short book on stalking. It contains 164 pages of text, and provides a thorough context for understanding and treating stalking behavior, including a focus on both victim and perpetrator. The book is divided into five chapters. The first of these defines the nature of stalking behavior. Stalking is defined as harmful conduct, which involves unwanted communication and repeated unwanted intrusion by one individual upon another. The review notes that stalking behavior has three defining characteristics--(a) relentless and persistent contact, which is (b) unwanted and (c) adverse to the recipient. It is further observed that there is no single motive for stalking, nor any specific psychological profile for the personality of stalkers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于马尔可夫决策过程的电动汽车充电行为分析

针对电动汽车充电行为不确定性问题,建立了基于出行链理论的电动汽车出行及电池电量变化模型,提出了引入马尔可夫决策过程（Markov decision processes, MDP）的电动汽车用户充电行为分析方法。该方法将用户充电行为作为马尔可夫决策集,根据车辆在各区域间的转移概率构造状态转移矩阵,设置用户满意度指标作为决策过程报酬函数,通过求解有限阶段总报酬准则得到电动汽车用户在每个决策点处的最优充电决策。算例部分根据抽取电动汽车特征量数据进行马尔可夫决策过程仿真,得出充电负荷的时间与空间分布情况,通过与传统蒙特卡洛方法进行对比表明该文所提方法可以较好地模拟用户整个出行过程中的充电行为,反映充电需求的时空分布特点;同时,分析了不同区域、不同停车时长情况下电动汽车的不同充电行为,能够为电动汽车充电桩的规划建设提供参考。     

基于活动序列的服务二元行为模式及操作语义

组合E-服务是电子商务开发部署中被广泛关注的问题,行为需求的刻画、建模是服务设计开发的重要步骤,分析和验证服务行为满足用户特定需求则是保证服务可信的关键工作.已有分析服务行为研究中,行为需求都是LTL类逻辑规范或MSC类图式规范,前者基于活动的,后者基于场景的.现在提出一种新颖的基于活动序列的行为规范概念,该概念的粒度介于活动和场景概念之间,目的是便于直接表达某些行为需求,针对活动序列设计了"序列前提、序列因果和序列嵌入"二元行为模式,用模式来刻画基于活动序列的活性和安全性,其结果是行为需求表达更为简洁,将这些模式映射标记传递系统LTS,精确刻画了行为模式的操作语义,为需求验证提供基础,最后给出实例分析.     

常压H2气氛烧结W-TiC合金的致密化行为和性能

采用粉末冶金方法在常压H2气氛下制备W-TiC合金,研究W-TiC合金的烧结致密化行为,并对合金的性能和组织结构进行分析.结果表明:添加微量强化烧结元素可改善W-TiC合金的烧结活性,在1700℃烧结120min后其相对密度达到99.2％;随着烧结温度的升高,W-TiC合金的拉伸强度提高,在2000℃烧结120 min...