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91.
Guangyan Li W. Ian Hamilton Ged Morrisroe Theresa Clarke 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2006,8(1):30-40
A study was carried out using simulation to investigate driver responses to lineside signals and signs at various approach
speeds. The objectives of the study were: (1) to find out whether train speed would significantly affect signal/sign reading;
(2) to examine at which point certain types of signs or signals could be detected or recognised, and (3) to determine a speed
cut-off level above which certain types of signs or signals are no longer recognisable or detectable. Fifty-seven train drivers
from 12 Train Operating Companies in the UK participated in the trials. Twenty different types of lineside signs and ten types
of signals were tested under six different approach speeds ranging from 100 to 350 km/h (62–218 mph). Driver performance measures
were ‘time remaining to the signal/sign’ at the point of detection or recognition, and reading error rate. The results showed
a significant influence of train speed on driver responses to lineside signals/signs and demonstrated a non-linear relationship
between driver responses to signals/signs and approach speed. This has been used to estimate a maximum approach speed limit
within which a specific signal or sign can be correctly detected or recognised. The findings and implications of the study
are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
92.
渣油中硫化物类型分布与化学转化性能 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
赵锁奇 《石油学报(石油加工)》2002,18(1):18-23
用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)定量研究了Athabasca渣油及其加氢裂化渣油,流化焦化渣油中的硫化物类型,用超临界流体萃取分馏将3种渣油分别分离成9-14个窄馏分及残渣,测定其中的硫醚,噻吩,亚砜和砜类硫原子的分布,讨论了加氢裂化和热裂化反应脱除硫化物的反应性能。 相似文献
93.
Temperature control offers benefits in land‐based marine aquaculture: stock growth rates may be enhanced by heating in winter; mortality rates in summer may be reduced by cooling. However, if the plant is not well designed, temperature control may create very large energy demands. This paper describes the application of temperature control in abalone aquaculture in New Zealand, with a focus on energy considerations in plant design. An abalone farm using a semi‐closed water conditioning system is used as a case study for which an energy model, based on a heat pump system, is developed. The model is used to determine the impact of plant design and tank conditions on the economics of the operation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
94.
An experimental arrangement has been developed for measuring the transient temperature responses and the thermal diffusivities of foil materials in the range of 10 to 300K by using the optical reflectivity technique. The cryogenic system with optical windows is designed to provide temperatures from 10 to 300 K. The front surface of a foil specimen is heated by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. In situ measurement of the reflectivity of a continuous-wave He–Ne laser at the rear surface is conducted on the microsecond time scale. Using the temperature dependence of reflectivity, the transient temperature response is deduced. The thermal diffusivity is obtained by fitting Parker's formulae to the experimental data on temperature rise. Stainless-steel foils are chosen as samples and are studied in the region from 10 to 300 K. The accuracy is examined by comparing the present results with the theoretical temperature responses and thermal diffusivity data from the literature. Good agreement is observed. 相似文献
95.
96.
Si衬底上Ta-N/Cu薄膜性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对Si衬底上Ta-N/Cu薄膜进行了电学和热学分析,结果发现500℃以下薄膜电随几乎不变,600-690℃下的退火引起的电阻率降低是由于Ta-N电阻的热氧化和Cu熔化扩散引起的,而690℃以上的电阻率增加是由于Cu引线传输能力减弱所致,为0.18μm以下的超大规模集成电路中的Cu引线和电阻薄膜的制作提供了有益的借鉴。 相似文献
97.
本文从理论上研究了控制初始弯曲引起的转子振动幅值的一种新方法。通过在与转轴初始弯曲方向成较大夹角的方向添加不平衡质量的方法 ,使转子新的不平衡方向与初始弯曲方向夹角接近 180° ,则可以减小转子在临界转速附近的振幅。无论新的不平衡参数大于或小于初始弯曲参数 ,只要新的不平衡参数不至于太大 ,则临界转速附近的振幅响应肯定会得到改善。特别是当新的不平衡参数近似等于初始弯曲参数时 ,无论转速高低 ,振幅都会大幅下降。当重力参数、外阻尼系数和内阻尼系数改变后仍有同样结论。本文援引文献 [2 ]中的实例对这种方法进行了验证 ,并给出了解决类似故障的步骤。本文的方法可用于处理生产实际中转轴初弯引起的振动问题 相似文献
98.
99.
Flame structure and NO emission characteristics in counterflow diffusion flame of blended fuel of H2/CO2/Ar have been numerically simulated with detailed chemistry. The combination of H2, CO2 and Ar as fuel is selected to clearly display the contribution of hydrocarbon products to flame structure and NO emission characteristics due to the breakdown of CO2. A radiative heat loss term is involved to correctly describe the flame dynamics especially at low strain rates. The detailed chemistry adopts the reaction mechanism of GRI 2.11, which consists of 49 species and 279 elementary reactions. All mechanisms including thermal, NO2, N2O and Fenimore are taken into account to separately evaluate the effects of CO2 addition on NO emission characteristics. The increase of added CO2 quantity causes flame temperature to fall since at high strain rates a diluent effect is prevailing and at low strain rates the breakdown of CO2 produces relatively populous hydrocarbon products and thus the existence of hydrocarbon products inhibits chain branching. It is also found that the contribution of NO production by N2O and NO2 mechanisms are negligible and that thermal mechanism is concentrated on only the reaction zone. As strain rate and CO2 quantity increase, NO production is remarkably augmented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
100.
本文是对市场上几款高级便携式打印机主要性能特点的比较考察报告,包括:佳能生产的CanonBJC-70型便携式彩色喷墨打印机,惠普生产的HPDeskJet340型便携式彩色喷墨打印机和Pentax生产的Pentax PocketJet便携式打印机,后者必须使用热敏纸。 相似文献