IT时代的第三种文化产业机遇

人类社会一直存在着并行不悖的科技与人文的两种文化与文化产业。如今,出现了第三种文化与第三种文化产业。第三种文化产业的思想基础是图灵的可计算原理;其物质基础是微处理器智力内核。第三种文化产业将打破两种文化产业界线,用人工智能与智能化工具等现代科技手段,实现人文文化领域中的艺术创作,这是人类文化领域中已经开始的没有硝烟的产业战争。     

A new graphical visualization of n-dimensional Pareto front for decision-making in multiobjective optimization

New challenges in engineering design lead to multiobjective (multicriteria) problems. In this context, the Pareto front supplies a set of solutions where the designer (decision-maker) has to look for the best choice according to his preferences. Visualization techniques often play a key role in helping decision-makers, but they have important restrictions for more than two-dimensional Pareto fronts. In this work, a new graphical representation, called Level Diagrams, for n-dimensional Pareto front analysis is proposed. Level Diagrams consists of representing each objective and design parameter on separate diagrams. This new technique is based on two key points: classification of Pareto front points according to their proximity to ideal points measured with a specific norm of normalized objectives (several norms can be used); and synchronization of objective and parameter diagrams. Some of the new possibilities for analyzing Pareto fronts are shown. Additionally, in order to introduce designer preferences, Level Diagrams can be coloured, so establishing a visual representation of preferences that can help the decision-maker. Finally, an example of a robust control design is presented - a benchmark proposed at the American Control Conference. This design is set as a six-dimensional multiobjective problem.     

Characterising effective eLearning resources

The widespread availability of digital learning resources in a variety of media formats offers the possibility to make a profound difference in education. This potential has not been fully realised for range of interrelated reasons. In this paper we study the key characteristics of learning resources that have proved effective in changing learning and teaching, and relate them to existing frameworks for understanding resources. We outline the relationships between resources, their users, and the way they are used, and explore issues that influence practitioners in choosing a particular resource. Our study is based on a review of resources for e-learning and chemistry in post-compulsory education, undertaken for the UK Joint Information Systems Committees (JISC), as part of a wider study examining ‘The Effectiveness of Resources, Tools and Support Services used by Tutors in Designing and Delivering E-Learning Activities’.     

一种基于MOF技术的网络建模研究与实现

基于模型驱动架构方法极大提高了软件的开发效率,而模型之间的转换是开发基于模型驱动架构应用工具的关键技术。采用MOF技术建立不同类型模型结构,运用XMI Bus的数据交换技术将MOF和XML很好地结合在一起,极大降低了模型转换的壁垒,使得异构环境下的工具和各种模型间的交互变得简单。本文研究了MOF的相关技术,最后运用该技术实现了网络中的建模过程。     

语义网本体构建工具现状及发展趋势研究

本体构建是语义Web的一个研究热点,目前不同组织开发了多种本体构建工具.本文在详细全面调研现有本体构建工具的基础上,对七种本体构建工具进行了比较分析,指出了它们某些关键特性的差异.最后,对现状中存在的瓶颈问题进行了总结,并对未来的研究方向提出了具体建议.     

USE of Railway Analysis Tools from an Australian Perspective

The functions of Australia’s railways are divided between the delivery of suburban passenger railway services, long distance general and intermodal freight services and regional bulk commodity haulage. There is a national interest in the efficient carriage of export freight flows because Australia is a major trading nation. Australia’s railways are expected play their part in hauling export commodities. Unsurprisingly, there are conflicting demands on these railways. Hence, universities, and the industry itself, are directing research and investigation effort into policy, planning, engineering, operational and human factors matters. A question which then arises is what means could be used to analyse the problems identified during this research and investigation. This paper is thus concerned with the inter-relationships between the planning, engineering and operations of railways in Australia. It identifies four areas of analysis associated with the planning and development of railway infrastructure and operations. It then discusses a range of analytical tools which could be applied to different components of these analytical areas and critiques their appropriateness from an Australian perspective. Having made this assessment, the paper uses a recent Australian case study to show how analytical tools could be used and what lessons might be learnt from the process. Figure Use of Railway Analysis Tools from an Australian Perspective

Certification of software for real-time safety-critical systems: state of the art

This paper presents an overview and discusses the role of certification in safety-critical computer systems focusing on software, and partially hardware, used in the civil aviation domain. It discusses certification activities according to RTCA DO-178B “Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification” and touches on tool qualification according to RTCA DO-254 “Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware.” Specifically, certification issues as related to real-time operating systems and programming languages are reviewed, as well as software development tools and complex electronic hardware tool qualification processes are discussed. Results of an independent industry survey done by the authors are also presented.     

Web系统性能测试研究

Web系统的性能测试是Web应用开发过程中的一个关键环节,然而Web站点的复杂性及其用户行为的不可预见性使得对其性能测试极其困难,而且测试环境和用户使用环境的差异性使得Web系统性能测试数据不精确或不可靠。分析了Web系统结构和Web系统的性能特点,深入讨论了Web系统性能测试的内容和性能测试的原理,并比较了目前常用的性能测试工具,通过一个测试项目介绍了自动化测试的实施过程,总结出一套切实可行的Web系统性能测试流程。     

Error compensation in machine tools: a neural network approach

For a non-idealized machine tool, each point in the workspace is associated with a tool point positioning error vector. If this error map can be determined, then it is possible to substantially improve the positioning performance of the machine by introducing suitable compensation into the control loop. This paper explores the possibility of using an artifical neural network (ANN) to compute this mapping. The training set for the ANN is obtained by mounting a physical artifact whose dimensions are precisely known in the machine's workspace. The machine, equipped with a touch trigger probe, measures the positions of features on the artifact. The difference between the machine reading and the known dimension is the machine error at that point in the workspace. Using standard modeling techniques, the kinematic error model for a CNC turning center was developed. This model was parameterized by measurement of the parametric error functions using a laser interferometer, electronic levels and a precision square. The kinematic model was then used to simulate the artifact-measuring process and develop the ANN training set. The effect of changing artifact geometry was explored and a machining operation was simulated using the ANN output to provide compensation. The results show that the ANN is capable of learning the error map of a real machine, and that ANN-based compensation can significantly reduce part-dimensional errors.     

Effects of the handle diameter and tip angle of chopsticks on the food-serving performance of male subjects

The effects of chopsticks handle diameter and tip angle on the food-serving performance of pinching food, pulling food, shearing food and thrusting food, were investigated in this study. A total of 24 male subjects was tested using 12 pairs of experimental chopsticks, consisting of three types of different handle diameters and four types of different tip angles. These results indicated that chopstick handle diameter and tip angle have a significant influence on eating efficiency, and that these two variables have a significant interaction. In addition, chopstick tip diameter also had significant effects on performance at the four tasks and subjective ratings. Generally, according to the results, when the chopsticks design is presented in terms of handle diameter, tip angle and tip diameter, a pair of chopsticks with 6 mm handle diameter × 2 ° tip angle × 4 mm tip diameter would be optimum.