Stochastic Programming For Order Allocation And Production Planning

Stochastic demand is an important factor that heavily affects production planning. It influences activities such as purchasing, manufacturing, and selling, and quick adaption is required. In production planning, for reasons such as reducing costs and obtaining supplier discounts, many decisions must be made in the initial stage when demand has not been realized. The effects of non-optimal decisions will propagate to later stages, which can lead to losses due to overstocks or out-of-stocks. To find the optimal solutions for the initial and later stage regarding demand realization, this study proposes a stochastic two-stage linear programming model for a multi-supplier, multi-material, and multi-product purchasing and production planning process. The objective function is the expected total cost after two stages, and the results include detailed plans for purchasing and production in each demand scenario. Small-scale problems are solved through a deterministic equivalent transformation technique. To solve the problems in the large scale, an algorithm combining metaheuristic and sample average approximation is suggested. This algorithm can be implemented in parallel to utilize the power of the solver. The algorithm based on the observation that if the remaining quantity of materials and number of units of products at the end of the initial stage are given, then the problems of the first and second stages can be decomposed.     

Two-stage stochastic master production scheduling under demand uncertainty in a rolling planning environment

This paper proposes a scenario-based two-stage stochastic programming model with recourse for master production scheduling under demand uncertainty. We integrate the model into a hierarchical production planning and control system that is common in industrial practice. To reduce the problem of the disaggregation of the master production schedule, we use a relatively low aggregation level (compared to other work on stochastic programming for production planning). Consequently, we must consider many more scenarios to model demand uncertainty. Additionally, we modify standard modelling approaches for stochastic programming because they lead to the occurrence of many infeasible problems due to rolling planning horizons and interdependencies between master production scheduling and successive planning levels. To evaluate the performance of the proposed models, we generate a customer order arrival process, execute production planning in a rolling horizon environment and simulate the realisation of the planning results. In our experiments, the tardiness of customer orders can be nearly eliminated by the use of the proposed stochastic programming model at the cost of increasing inventory levels and using additional capacity.     

动态小生境半径两阶段多模态差分进化算法

针对多模态优化问题, 提出一种动态小生境半径两阶段多模态差分进化算法. 基于构象空间退火思想, 设计一种两阶段退火策略来动态调整小生境半径, 并根据退火过程将整个优化过程分为两个阶段. 在第1 阶段, 通过差分限制变异策略生成高质量的新个体来维持种群的多样性, 促进多模收敛; 在第2 阶段, 利用种子邻近变异策略对已探测到的生境高度搜索, 加快算法的收敛速度. 实验结果表明, 所提出算法能够有效实现从全局探测到局部增强的自适应平滑过渡, 是一种有效的多模态优化算法.

     

Nonlinear aircraft sensor fault reconstruction in the presence of disturbances validated by real flight data

This paper proposes an approach for Inertial Measurement Unit sensor fault reconstruction by exploiting a ground speed-based kinematic model of the aircraft flying in a rotating earth reference system. Two strategies for the validation of sensor fault reconstruction are presented: closed-loop validation and open-loop validation. Both strategies use the same kinematic model and a newly-developed Adaptive Two-Stage Extended Kalman Filter to estimate the states and faults of the aircraft. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to an approach using an airspeed-based kinematic model. Furthermore, the major contribution is that the proposed approach is validated using real flight test data including the presence of external disturbances such as turbulence. Three flight scenarios are selected to test the performance of the proposed approach. It is shown that the proposed approach is robust to model uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics and disturbances such as time-varying wind and turbulence. Therefore, the proposed approach can be incorporated into aircraft Fault Detection and Isolation systems to enhance the performance of the aircraft.     

基于双向LSTM和两阶段方法的触发词识别

生物事件抽取是生物文本挖掘领域的一个重要分支,而触发词识别作为事件抽取的重要子过程,已经吸引了众多的关注。现有的触发词识别方法多为浅层的一阶段方法,训练代价较大,且需要丰富的领域知识抽取大量特征,人工成本较高。因此,该文提出了一种基于两阶段和双向LSTM神经网络的触发词识别方法。首先,将触发词识别分为识别和分类两个阶段,有效地缓解了训练过程中存在的类不平衡问题;其次,在两个阶段中均采用目前性能较好的双向LSTM神经网络来完成二分类任务和多分类任务,避免了浅层机器学习方法抽取人工特征时的代价。此外,利用PubMed数据库下载大规模语料训练带有依存关系的词向量,获得了更加丰富的语义信息,从而有效地提高了触发词的识别性能。该文方法在生物事件抽取通用语料MLEE上已获得目前最好抽取性能,F值为78.46%。     

Process intensification of fine coal separation using two-stage flotation column

Flotation column is widely used as the separation equipment for fine mineral due to its high selectivity. However, this device may be unsuitable for the coarse particle flotation and has high handling ability. A two-stage flotation column with dimensions of 2 000 mm× 1 000 mm×4 000 mm was designed to enhance the column flotation process. The energy input was modified by adjusting the flow rate and the head of circulating pump. The flotation column was designed with low energy input in the first stage （speed flotation stage） to recover easy-to-float materials quickly, and high energy input in the second stage （recovery stage） to recover difficult-to-float minerals compulsorily. Contrast experiments on the throughput and coarse coal recovery of high ash coal from the Kailuan Mine were conducted using conventional single-stage flotation column and the two-stage flotation column. The results show that the combustible matter recovery of the two-stage flotation column is 5.25% higher than that of the conventional single-stage flotation column. However, the ash contents of clean coal for both columns are similar. Less coarse coals with low ash are obtained using the two-stage flotation column than that using the single-stage column flotation with the same handling ability. The two-stage flotation column process can enhance coal flotation compared with the conventional single-stage column flotation.     

Experimental study on the effects of HP and LP EGR on thermal efficiency and emissions of a two-stage turbocharged diesel engine

An experimental study was performed to compare the effects of high- and low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation loops (HP and LP EGR loops) on thermal efficiency and emissions of a diesel engine. Tests were conducted on a 12-L six-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine under various operating conditions. We found that at a low speed of 1100 r/min, 1 MPa BMEP, the LP EGR loop could achieve higher brake thermal efficiency and lower emissions than the HP EGR. This is because the lower enthalpy available at the turbine inlet of the HP EGR loop increased the fuel/oxygen equivalence ratio. For the HP EGR, the gross indicated thermal efficiency was reduced by 1%, but pumping losses were only reduced by 0.5%, compared to the LP EGR loop. At a higher speed of 1600 r/min, 1 MPa BMEP, the HP EGR loop attained a higher brake thermal efficiency and lower emissions because of the relatively sufficient flow through the turbocharger. For the HP EGR loop, the gross indicated thermal efficiency was only reduced by 0.5% and pumping losses were reduced by 1.5%, compared to the LP EGR loop. Lower fuel consumption and a longer ignition delay made the distribution of fuel/oxygen equivalence ratio more homogeneous, leading to lower emissions. Our data also showed that at the high speed of 1600 r/min, 0.55 MPa BMEP, the brake thermal efficiency of the HP EGR loop first increased, then decreased as the EGR rate increased. Therefore, under all conditions, a reasonable match of both EGR loops could achieve a good balance between fuel consumption and emissions of NO _x and soot.     

基于小波域的两阶段多描述图像编码

为加强图像在不可靠网络上传输的鲁棒性,提出基于小波域的两阶段图像多描述编码方案.第1阶段对原始图像经小波变换后的系数进行SPIHT编码,形成第1部分描述;第2阶段对SPIHT编码后的系数进行解码,与原始小波系数作差分,实现差值信号的四叉树抽样,通过SPIHT编码形成第2部分描述.将2部分描述复制并同步传送到两信道中.实验结果表明,该方案冗余调节方便,编码后的数据流能适应各种网络传输状况.     

功率因数校正在开关电源中的应用

文章介绍了开关电源功率因数校正的基本原理，分析了功率因数校正的电路实现方法及相关要求，最后概括了有源功率因数校正技术的发展趋势。     

燃煤炉预混-喷钙二段脱硫技术研究

文章指出煤燃烧高温脱硫3方面难点：（1）石灰石分解速率低于煤燃烧时硫析出速率；（2）脱硫产物在CaSO41200℃以上再分解；（3）CaO颗粒高温严重烧结，对此，提出二段脱硫工艺，即一部分添加剂与煤预混进行料层脱硫，另一部分喷入炉内捕捉烟气中硫，建立了10t/h链条炉二段脱硫示范装置，试验和运行结果表明锅炉除尘器前脱硫率达到70％以上，除尘器后，烟气经半干法处理可达到80－90％。