Ozonation of Humic Substances: Effects on Molecular Weight Distributions of Organic Carbon and Trihalomethane Formation Potential

Four different sources of humic substances were studied to determine the effects of ozonation on molecular weight-distributions, based on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). Solutions of two soil-derived fulvic acids and a one soil-derived humic acid, as well as dissolved organic matter (DOM) associated with a natural water source were studied. Both gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and ultrafiltration (UF) were employed to define apparent molecular weight (AMW). Applied ozone doses ranged from 2.0 to 2.5 mg O₃/mg DOC. Overall samples of untreated and ozonated waters, as well as individual molecular weight fractions, were characterized according to DOC, UV absorbance, and THMFP. Ozonation resulted in a significant disappearance of higher AMW material with a corresponding increase in lower AMW material. Although little overall reduction in DOC concentration was observed, significant overall reductions in UV absorbance and THMFP levels were observed.     

考虑偏压作用的基坑抗隆起稳定性上限分析

为了研究偏压荷载对抗隆起稳定性的影响,提出了一种考虑偏压作用的基坑抗隆起稳定性计算方法,将墙后土体沉降变形近似简化为余弦曲线,从而在研究偏压作用对基坑抗隆起稳定性影响时可计入偏压荷载范围和坑边距等因素,同时在极限上限分析法的公式推导中考虑了土体各向异性对基坑抗隆起稳定性的影响。将该方法与HASHASH和WHITTLE提出的波士顿蓝黏土深基坑开挖有限元模型进行对比,通过数值算例研究了挡墙入土深度、基坑深度、土体各向异性、最下一道支撑到坑底距离及偏压荷载等因素对抗隆起安全系数的影响。研究表明:基坑抗隆起稳定性系数随着土体各向异性比的增加而增加,随着最下一道支撑到坑底距离增加而增大,发现偏压作用距离坑边在2倍基坑深度之内对抗隆起安全系数影响较大。最后结合案例分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

面向多区域防洪的长江上游水库群协同调度模型

长江上游水库群是长江流域防洪工程体系的重要组成部分,承担着水库所在河流、川渝河段以及长江中下游的防洪任务。长江流域面积广大,水系众多,洪水地区组成与遭遇十分复杂,防洪需求众多,防洪对象分散,且要兼顾发电、航运、供水、生态、库区安全等多种因素,水库群防洪调度面临大规模、多区域、多层次等协同调度技术难题。以长江上游25座控制性水库为研究对象,基于防洪格局和防洪任务将水库群防洪调度划分为核心、骨干和群组水库,阐明了水库群多区域协调防洪的调度节点和角色定位,提出了兼顾"时-空-量-序-效"多维属性的模型功能结构,构建了长江上游水库群多区域协同防洪调度模型,并在长江流域防洪调度形成示范应用,以挖掘长江上游水库群防洪调度潜力,进而提升长江流域防洪调度管理水平。     

软土中异形地连墙成槽失稳机理研究

随着地下连续墙施工技术发展,“L”形地连墙作为一种常见的异形地连墙被广泛应用于封闭地下围护结构设计施工中。由于成槽过程中,槽段及周边土体的应力变化复杂,“L”形地连墙的稳定性低于常规矩形地连墙。基于上限分析法,对“L”形地连墙成槽施工过程中的稳定性进行研究,提出“L”形地连墙稳定三维机动场模型,计算得出槽壁安全系数,揭示了异形地连墙槽壁失稳机理,并通过参数计算分析地连墙几何形状以及土体性质对槽壁稳定性的影响。对某地连墙工程进行计算,计算结果与现场超声波检测相吻合。研究结果可为异形地连墙的设计施工提供参考和理论依据。     

三河口水利枢纽泄洪消能工体型优化试验研究

通过水力学模型对三河口水利枢纽泄洪消能工体型进行了试验研究。结果表明:两底孔出口采用矩形不对称宽尾墩形成的窄缝体型,三表孔采用左、右表孔差动式齿坎与中表孔舌型鼻坎组合的优化方案具有表孔、底孔出口水舌上下分层、前后拉开、横向扩散的特点,从而改善了水垫塘内的水流流态,提高了消能效率,水垫塘底板所受动水冲击压力及脉动压力达到了设计要求。     

利用上下边界估计的图像增强方法

提出了一种基于上下边界估计的快速图像增强方法.该方法使用上边界提升图像的细节信息,使用下边界消除图像的雾霾成分,调整上下边界的距离可灵活控制图像增强的程度,在上下边界计算过程中采用了加权中值滤波,能够在有效去噪的同时保持图像边界清晰.实验结果表明,该算法能有效改善图像质量,保持图像细节信息,压缩图像动态范围,色彩逼近于真实环境,且避免了光晕的产生.     

一类分数阶q-差分方程边值问题正解的存在性

研究了一类分数阶q-差分方程多点边值问题,其中控制函数含有分数阶导数.首先通过变换将该问题转化为带有分数阶积分控制的边值问题,并分析了格林函数的一些性质;其次利用Arzela-Ascoli不动点定理及上下解方法,证明了该方程正解的存在性;最后通过实例验证了本文所得结论的正确性.     

Stability analysis for natural slope by kinematical approach

The stability of natural slope was analyzed on the basis of limit analysis. The sliding model of a kind of natural slope was presented. A new kinematically admissible velocity field for the new sliding model was constructed. The stability factor formulation by the upper bound theorem leads to a classical nonlinear programming problem, when the external work rate and internal energy dissipation were solved, and the constraint condition of the programming problem was given. The upper bound optimization problem can be solved efficiently by applying a nonlinear SQP algorithm, and stability factor was obtained, which agrees well with previous achievements.     

Upper bound limit analysis of roof collapse in shallow tunnels with arbitrary cross sections under condition of seepage force

The analytical solutions for predicting the exact shape of collapse mechanisms in shallow tunnels with arbitrary excavation profiles were obtained by virtue of the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and variation principle according to Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The seepage force was included in the upper bound limit analysis, and it was computed from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution. The seepage was regarded as a work rate of external force. The numerical results of roof collapse in square and circular tunnels with different rock parameters were derived and discussed, which proves to be valid in comparison with the previous work. The influences of different parameters on the shape of collapsing blocks were also discussed.     

基于虚拟仪器技术的轮荷测量仪电测系统开发

依据电阻应变测量原理,应用机电一体化技术,开发测量汽车轮荷的测量仪电测系统.该系统由数采硬件电路和上位机车辆轮荷测量系统软件组成.应变传感器测得的电压信号,先后经过调理电路、A/D转换电路和光电隔离电路,传输给MCU.通过串口通信协议,MCU与上位机轮荷测量系统间进行指令和数据的传输,数据经过存储和运算处理后,通过上位机系统面板把轮荷值传达给用户,并将结果储存到PC机中.采用砝码加载,在可倾斜卡具上对测量仪进行了实验标定.根据实验数据算得测量仪的非线性误差为±0.72%,重复性误差为±1.37%,迟滞性误差为±1.47%,灵敏度误差为±1.67%,最终得到综合误差为±2.71%,满足轮荷测量仪预期设计的测量精度和功能要求.