Fate of nitrogen fertilizer applied to lowland rice on a Sulfic Tropaquept

A field experiment was conducted on an acid sulfate soil in Thailand to determine the effect of N fertilization practices on the fate of fertilizer-N and yield of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). A delayed broadcast application of ammonium phosphate sulfate (16-20-0) or urea was compared with basal incorporation of urea, deep placement of urea as urea supergranules (USG), and amendment of urea with a urease inhibitor. Deep placement of urea as USG significantly reduced floodwater urea- and ammoniacal-N concentrations following N application but did not reduce N loss, as determined from an¹⁵N balance, in this experiment where runoff loss was prevented. The urease inhibitor, phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD), had little effect on floodwater urea- and ammoniacal-N, and it did not reduce N loss. The floodwater pH never exceeded 4.5 in the 7 days following the first N applications, and application of 16-20-0 reduced floodwater pH by 0.1 to 0.3 units below the no-N control. The low floodwater pH indicated that ammonia volatilization was unimportant for all the N fertilization practices. Floodwater ammoniacal-N concentrations following application of urea or 16-20-0 were greater on this Sulfic Tropaquept than on an Andaqueptic Haplaquoll with near neutral pH and alkaline floodwater. The prolonged, high floodwater N concentrations on this Sulfic Tropaquept suggested that runoff loss of applied N might be a potentially serious problem when heavy rainfall or poor water control follow N fertilization. The unaccounted-for¹⁵N in the¹⁵N balances, which presumably represented gaseous N losses, ranged from 20 to 26% of the applied N and was unaffected by urea fertilization practice. Grain yield and N uptake were significantly increased with applied N, but grain yield was not significantly affected by urea fertilization practice. Yield was significantly lower (P = 0.05) for 16-20-0 than for urea; however, this difference in yield might be due to later application of P and hence delayed availability of P in the 16-20-0 treatment.     

以尿素为氮源的高氮复合肥生产技术

笔者根据多年的实践经验 ,阐述以尿素为氮源 ,生产高氮〔w(N)≥ 2 0 %〕复肥的现实意义及生产技术要点 ,具体介绍 2个高氮复肥 (2 30 7)、(2 0 10 15 )的配方实例及操作要点     

尿液喷浆造粒--生产复合肥的一种新工艺

简述了在团粒法工艺的基础上，用尿素熔融尿液或尿素车间二段蒸发器的尿液进行喷浆造粒生产复合肥的改造方案、改造内容、改造效果和投资情况。     

Effective renaturation of reduced lysozyme by gentle removal of urea

To increase the folding yield of concentrated reduced lysozyme,we developed a renaturation method by means of dialysis fromconcentrated urea with redox agents. After lysozyme was incubatedin the reducing buffer (8 M urea solution) with oxidized glutathione,renaturation of reduced lysozyme was started by dialysis againstthe dialyzing buffer containing 8 M urea with redox agents.The urea concentration of the dialyzing bottle was graduallydiluted with dialyzing buffer without urea at a flow rate of0.1 ml/min by high pressure pump. Using this systematic dialysis,a concentration as high as 5 mg/ml of reduced lysozyme couldbe renaturated in 80% yield, while the folding yield was <5%even at a concentration of 1 mg/ml using a conventional rapiddilution method [Goldberg et al. (1991) Biochemistry, 30, 2790–2797].Therefore, it was concluded that gentle removal of urea fromdenatured proteins, dissolved in concentrated urea solution,by means of dialysis should be useful to renature denaturedproteins effectively.     

尿素造粒出塔温度分析与控制

讨论尿素造粒出塔温度对尿素含水率的影响，对影响尿素造粒出塔温度的因素进行分析，提出通过更换喷头及根据环境温度和空气相对湿度调节百叶窗开度来控制尿素造粒出塔温度。     

尿素和精喹禾灵不同配施对紫苏光合性能和产量的影响

采用随机区组试验设计,研究尿素(0,1,2,4和8g/L)与10.8%精喹禾灵乳油(0,0.8,1.6,2.4和3.2mL/L)不同配施对紫苏光合、叶绿素荧光特性、除草效果和产量的影响.结果表明:精喹禾灵与8g/L尿素配施可显著降低紫苏的光合特性、光系统Ⅱ的实际光化学效率和产量;而精喹禾灵与1~4g/L尿素配施均有高于单用精喹禾灵处理的趋势.A组的Q1N3处理(先施4g/L的尿素再施0.8mL/L的精喹禾灵)效果最佳,能显著提高紫苏在精喹禾灵胁迫下的光合性能,增强紫苏对光破坏的防御机制,增产10.54%.表明精喹禾灵可对紫苏产生胁迫,尿素可缓解其对紫苏的伤害.     

尿素/添加剂湿法脱硝技术的研究进展

燃煤电厂排放的NOx对环境造成了严重的污染。通过研究,尿素添加剂湿法烟气脱氮技术可以应用于火电厂锅炉烟气的治理过程。结合尿素/添加剂湿法脱硝工艺机理,系统的介绍了不同添加剂对应的脱硝反应原理,分析了添加剂不同时反应机理的差异,指出不同添加剂情况下影响脱硝效率的问题,并针对我国国情对尿素/添加剂湿法脱硝工艺的发展方向提供了建议。尿素湿法脱硝工艺流程简单,并且没有二次污染,同时,添加剂对尿素湿法脱硝有着很重要的作用。     

大型尿素造粒塔新型的腐蚀防护

详细阐述了尿素造粒塔的腐蚀机理，就其中的内外侧的防腐蚀形态进行了总结，并就此针对性的进行了防腐蚀材料的推荐及设计，尤其是玻璃鳞片胶泥。     

磷酸溶解尿素的反应动力学

为了开发适合我国湿法磷酸生产磷酸脲的技术,以磷酸溶解尿素来研究磷酸脲制取的反应动力学,实验在消除液相扩散影响下,研究了尿素的溶解反应时间,考察了反应温度、尿素粒度及磷酸浓度对溶解反应的影响,经分析和实验数据处理,建立了磷酸溶解尿素的反应动力学式,得出反应为近似一级反应,求取了有关参数,结果为进一步研究和工业化奠定良好基础。     

尿素对固体渗硼作用的研究

研究了尿素对固体渗硼的作用。结果表明，固体渗硼时加适量尿素可显著提高渗硼速度，对于２０、４５钢可提高渗速一倍以上，对于Ｔ８、ＧＣｒ１５和Ｃｒ１２钢也分别提高渗速８０％、７７％和６９％；加尿素渗硼得到的共渗层具有良好的耐蚀和抗高温氧化性能，而显微硬度和耐磨性并不降低；加尿素的固体渗硼实际上是以渗硼为主的硼氮碳共渗。