600MW机组锅炉灭火不停机操作优化

针对宁夏大唐国际大坝发电有限责任公司2×600 MW火电机组设备状况,总结了锅炉灭火后的操作方法,对锅炉灭火后不停机的可行性进行了讨论,并提出了优化建议。     

循环水阻垢缓蚀剂在新昌电厂的应用

针对新昌电厂循环水的低硬度、低碱度水质特点,通过大量试验,筛选复配出适合低硬度低碱度水的阻垢缓蚀复合药剂.该阻垢缓蚀复合药剂在新昌电厂1年的应用效果证明,使用缓蚀阻垢剂能够较好地控制循环水系统的腐蚀与结垢问题,通过药剂的协同增效作用,能使循环冷却水的浓缩倍数达到6左右.     

600 MW机组凝结水泵的变频改造

国电大同发电有限公司为了实现机组的节能降耗,提高企业的经济效益,对8号机组凝结水泵进行了变频改造。为此介绍热工方面改造的方案、改造后的运行情况及存在的问题。     

The trapping,detrapping, and transport of the ambipolar charges in the electret of Polystyrene/C60 blend films

The electrons and holes were injected into the blend electrets of polystyrene and C₆₀ (PS/C₆₀) by adjusting the biases of conductive atomic force microscopy probe. We visualized the charges trapping, release, diffusion, and retention processes of the PS/C₆₀ electrets by utilizing the Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM), and found that the localization and retention abilities of the ambipolar charges are enhanced with the increase of C₆₀ content, indicating that blending C₆₀ in PS matrix is a promising method for the charge trapping layer in transistor memory devices. Furthermore, we discussed the storage and diffusion mechanisms, and speculated that the interface of C₆₀ and PS in the blend electrets and repulsive force between charge clusters around C₆₀ are the important factors for the novel storage effect of the blend electret.     

基于声光效应的相干光探测方法的研究

基于布拉格衍射和相干光探测原理,分析了入射光和衍射光的特性及数学关系,讨论了如何利用声光偏转器实现信号处理的方法.从改善空间相干光探测效率出发,提出一种将空间光经声光衍射后注入保偏光纤的处理方法,克服了传统相干探测中光偏振态难控制的缺点,减小了外界环境对信号光和参考光合路的影响,降低了光学系统的调整环节中的难度,有效地解决了相干光探测中光束对准和偏振光的保持问题.实验证明,在保证一定的耦合光孔径和激光注入效率条件下,将空间光注入保偏光纤,削弱了背景光对合路产生的影响,使信号光和参考光偏振态和传输方向能更好保持,极大改善了空间相干光探测效率,提高了光电探测信噪比.     

PNN测井监测气液界面在马北一号注气油藏中的应用

马北一号油田为底水油藏,注水开发效果较差。为提高采收率,采用顶部注烃气重力驱技术理念,在油田首次开展了2个井组注气实验。及时掌握注气后气液界面移动情况,对于优化射孔生产方案具有较强的指导意义。PNN测井在套管井中监测地层气液界面具有较强的优势,主要通过长短源距探头计数率叠合,在气层出现较明显的离差进行判断和分析。在马北一号油田开展时间推移PNN测井26井次,及时掌握了试验井组气液界面运移情况和受效方向,为进一步优化生产方案提供了科学依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部Z区低阻油水层识别方法

随着近年来鄂尔多斯盆地西南部侏罗系油藏的规模开发,侏罗系油藏优质储量得到不断动用,而侏罗系低阻油藏成藏隐蔽,勘探开发经验少,油水层识别难度大等问题日趋突出。鄂尔多斯盆地西南部Z区延9油藏为典型的低阻油藏,分析表明,孔隙结构复杂、微孔率高、微孔隙中存在束缚水是导致油层低阻的主要原因,地层水矿化度高也降低了油层电阻率;对比分析了测井曲线形态法、砂层顶构造对比法、侵入因子与声波时差交会图版法、快速色谱录井识别等识别低阻油层方法,并提出了该区有利建产目标。     

Effects of Quillaja saponaria extract and Nα-lauroyl-l-arginine ethyl ester on reducing selected foodborne pathogens in vitro and maintaining quality of fresh-cut endive (Cichorium endivia L.) at pilot plant scale

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of Quillaja saponaria extract (QSE) and N^α-lauroyl-l-arginine ethyl ester (LAE) as antimicrobial wash water additives in fresh-cut lettuce processing. Antibacterial activities of LAE and QSE against selected strains of the foodborne pathogens Salmonella enterica, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes were examined in vitro. Minimum inhibitory concentrations determined by broth microdilution assay demonstrated that LAE exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity with MICs between 4 and 32 μg/mL against all tested strains, whereas QSE showed a weaker antimicrobial activity with MICs >512 μg/mL. On a pilot-plant scale, the effects of warm water washing at 45 °C for 120 s with and without 40 mg/L QSE or 100 mg/L LAE as well as cold water washing at 4 °C for 120 s with QSE or LAE, respectively, of shredded endive (Cichorium endivia L.) were investigated regarding microbiological and sensory quality as well as physiological properties. Samples were analyzed for headspace O₂ and CO₂ levels, phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase activity and contents of nitrite and nitrate during nine days of cold storage at 4 °C. By analogy to its antimicrobial effect against the foodborne pathogens in vitro, LAE allowed up to 4 log₁₀ cfu/mL reduction of the microbial load in the washing water of the pilot plant, and might therefore reduce cross-contamination while saving water. The addition of LAE to warm washing water impaired sensory properties of fresh-cut endive during storage, which was predicted by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analyses. QSE treatment combined with warm water washing best retained sensory appearance throughout our study, being possibly suitable for the production of premium products.     

大庆油田机械分层注水技术回顾与展望

分析大庆油田不同开发阶段注水措施面临的矛盾，论述了随着矛盾的转变．机械分层注水技术不断发展完善，对注入剖面调整的重要作用。封隔器由扩张式逐步发展为可洗井压缩式、免释放封隔器，提高了工艺的密封率和成功率；配水器由固定式配水器逐步发展为同心活动式配水器、偏心式配水器、偏心式恒流配水器、同心集成式配水器，偏心集成式恒流配水器，实现了不动管柱分层调配，降低了作业成本，缩小了卡距，降低了隔层厚度，增加了细分程度；水嘴投捞方式由动管柱投捞发展到钢丝投捞、智能投捞，提高了测试调配效率；分层注入工艺由单一的注入功能向注入、信息采集、测调集成化方向发展。通过分析产量递减阶段分层注水技术面临的矛盾，指出“十一五”期间及以后注水技术应向地面方便重复调层的智能分注技术方向发展。     

一种提高油田注汽锅炉热效率方法的可行性研究

油田注汽锅炉热效率普遍偏低，排烟热损失是影响锅炉热效率的主要因素，而排烟热损失决定于排烟温度和排烟量。国内目前对锅炉设备的改造技术多局限于减少锅炉的排烟量上。本文论述了将冷凝技术应用在加热炉上来降低排烟温度，回收利用烟气中水蒸汽的汽化潜热，从而达到提高热效率的方法。