一种新的码片内多径时延估计方法

根据信道冲激响应的稀疏特性,提出了一种频域的时延估计压缩感知模型,将时延估计问题转化为基于欠采样数据的稀疏向量估计问题.利用离散傅里叶变换(Discrete Fourier transform,DFT)矩阵的子矩阵所满足的受限等距性(Restricted isometry property,RIP)以及信道冲激响应的稀疏特性充分降低了时延估计所需数据量的要求.分析了本文模型具有码片内多径分辨能力以及良好抗噪性能的原因,并与多信号分类(Multiple signal classification,MUSIC)和旋转不变技术的信号参数估计(Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique,ESPRIT)算法的时延估计性能进行仿真比较.仿真结果表明,本文提出的方法不需要预知多径的条数,对码片内多径时延具有较高的估计精度,其时延估计性能在特定条件下优于MUSIC和ESPRIT算法.     

基于LabVIEW的超声信号小波阈值去噪方法

图形化编程软件LabVIEW具有强大的信号采集功能,但对于需要进行大量数据运算处理的复杂应用就显得力不从心。数学工具软件MATLAB强大的计算功能及较高的编程效率可以弥补LabVIEW开发的不足。文中结合两者软件的优点,采用混合编程的方法进行实际工程的去噪处理,同时针对超声缺陷回波信号信噪比低、易于被噪声淹没的特点,选取小波阈值去噪的方法,通过调用LabVIEW里的MATLAB Script节点对信号进行仿真实验,仿真结果表明采用stein的无偏风险阈值去噪的方法消噪效果最为明显,得到较高的信噪比。     

基于算术傅里叶变换的离散Hartley变换的快速算法

离散Hartley变换是一种有用的实值正交变换。文中对其快速算法进行研究,首先介绍利用算术傅里叶变换（AFT）计算离散傅里叶变换（DFT）可使其乘法计算量仅为O（N）,然后文章根据这一特点,分析离散Hartley变换（DHT）的结构特征,通过DFT将AFT和DHT建立了直接联系,提出了一种新的快速DHT算法。算法的计算复杂度能够达到线性O（N）,且算法结构简单,公式统一且易于实现,并与其他快速算法进行了比较,分析可知在数据长度不是2的幂次方时,文中提出的算法的计算时间明显比其他算法的计算时间要小。实验结果也验证了文中算法的有效性,从而为DHT的快速计算开辟了新的思路和途径。     

基于模糊模式识别的抽油井示功图判别算法研究

针对有杆抽油井示功图诊断分析问题,研究特定故障情况下示功图特征值算法。把示功图数据通过傅里叶变换由空域转换成频域形式,仅保留较低频率上的系数a0、a1、b1,并将其作为特征值。根据所得到的特征值结合模式识别算法能够实现有杆抽油井示功图快速准确的识别和分类。实际应用表明,利用基准示功图28种类型的特征值的选取,计算出每种示功图的特征矢量,并保存到特征库中。对给定示功图特征值进行模式识别,即可得出该图隶属于哪种模式。     

融合外部属性的短时交通流预测研究

针对现有交通流量预测算法大多仅考虑常态下的预测,而未考虑天气属性、周围地理属性对预测结果的影响,提出一种融合外部属性的组合预测模型（A-STIGCN）。首先,将外部属性作为路网中路段的属性,同时对路段的属性和交通特征进行建模,得到增强的特征向量。其次,采用图小波变换和自适应矩阵分别提取交通流局部和全局空间特征信息,并借助门控循环单元（GRU）对时间信息的长时记忆能力以提取其时间特性。最后,通过注意力机制来捕获时空动态变化性进行交通流预测。采用深圳出租车轨迹数据、对应天气数据以及POI数据进行预测,研究结果表明：A-STIGCN组合模型预测效果优于传统线性模型及变体模型,与未引入注意力机制的ASTGCN模型相比,MAE降低了约0.131,精度提高了0.068,与未引入外部因素的TGCN模型对比分析,MAPE降低了约0.637%,精度提高了0.079,从而更好地为交通管理提供指导意见。     

基于振动信号的水电机组状态劣化在线评估方法研究

实现水电机组状态劣化评估和故障预警是行业研究的热点。论文提出了一种结合时域与频域特征的机组劣化在线评估方法。(1)先利用检测指数确定振动信号中对机组运行状态最为敏感的时域特征;再以机组健康状态下工况参数X(水头、开度等)和检测指数筛选的振动信号时域特征Y为健康样本,利用最小二乘支持向量机构建机组状态健康模型Y=f(X)。基于该模型,以实时工况参数为输入,在线预测对应工况下机组振动信号时域特征健康值,计算健康值与实际值之间的相对误差,作为评估机组劣化程度的时域劣化指标。(2)利用小波变换与奇异值理论对振动信号进行分解,提取健康状态下机组振动信号奇异值特征向量并得到健康聚类中心,实时计算实测信号奇异值特征向量与健康聚类中心之间的相对欧式距离,作为频域劣化指标。结合时域和频域劣化指标,在线计算综合劣化指标评估当前时刻机组劣化程度。结合实际机组运行案例,验证了该模型的有效性和实用性。     

1957-2017年泾河流域降雨量及降雨侵蚀力时空变化分析

泾河流域受土壤侵蚀的影响,水土流失较为严重,为对流域水土流失风险评估和防治等提供参考依据,根据1957-2017年泾河流域5个气象站点的日降水资料,运用ArcGIS空间插值、小波分析、R/S分析等方法,分析了该时段降雨量及降雨侵蚀力时空变化规律。结果表明:泾河流域及各气象站点的降雨量与降雨侵蚀力均呈显著正相关关系;泾河流域降雨量与降雨侵蚀力年内分布不均,主要集中在夏季,分别占全年的67.80%和52.86%;泾河流域年均降雨量和降雨侵蚀力分别为496.83 mm和1 481.24 (MJ·mm)/(hm~2·h),年际总体呈波动上升趋势且未来降雨侵蚀力将延续增加趋势,两者均在1996和2009年出现突变点且第一主周期分别为27和17 a;泾河流域降雨量和降雨侵蚀力在空间上均呈从西北到东南递增的趋势。     

No-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment using quaternion wavelet transform and heterogeneous ensemble learning

As the demand for high-quality stereo images has grown in recent years, stereoscopic image quality assessment (SIQA) has become an important research area in modern image processing technology.In this paper, we propose a no-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment (NR-SIQA) model using heterogeneous ensemble learning ‘quality-aware’ features from luminance image, chrominance image, disparity and cyclopean images via quaternion wavelet transform (QWT). Firstly, luminance image and chrominance image are generated by CIELAB color space as monocular perception, and the novel disparity and cyclopean images are utilized to complement with monocular information. Then, a number of ‘quality-aware’ features in the quaternion wavelet domain are discovered, including entropy, texture features, energy features, energy differences features and MSCN coefficients of high frequency sub-band. Finally, a heterogeneous ensemble model via support vector regression (SVR) & extreme learning machine (ELM) & random forest (RF) is proposed to predict quality score, and bootstrap sampling and rotated feature space are used to increase the diversity of data distribution. Comparing with the state-of-the-art NR-SIQA models, experimental results on four public databases prove the accuracy and robustness of the proposed model.     

Selection of optimized features for fusion of palm print and finger knuckle‐based person authentication

The impact of digital technology in biometrics is much more efficient at interpreting data than humans, which results in completely replacement of manual identification procedures in forensic science. Because the single modality‐based biometric frameworks limit performance in terms of accuracy and anti‐spoofing capabilities due to the presence of low quality data, therefore, information fusion of more than one biometric characteristic in pursuit of high recognition results can be beneficial. In this article, we present a multimodal biometric system based on information fusion of palm print and finger knuckle traits, which are least associated to any criminal investigation as evidence yet. The proposed multimodal biometric system might be useful to identify the suspects in case of physical beating or kidnapping and establish supportive scientific evidences, when no fingerprint or face information is present in photographs. The first step in our work is data preprocessing, in which region of interest of palm and finger knuckle images have been extracted. To minimize nonuniform illumination effects, we first normalize the detected circular palm or finger knuckle and then apply line ordinal pattern (LOP)‐based encoding scheme for texture enrichment. The nondecimated quaternion wavelet provides denser feature representation at multiple scales and orientations when extracted over proposed LOP encoding and increases the discrimination power of line and ridge features. To best of our knowledge, this first attempt is a combination of backtracking search algorithm and 2D²LDA has been employed to select the dominant palm and knuckle features for classification. The classifiers output for two modalities are combined at unsupervised rank level fusion rule through Borda count method, which shows an increase in performance in terms of recognition and verification, that is, 100% (correct recognition rate), 0.26% (equal error rate), 3.52 (discriminative index), and 1,262 m (speed).     

一种基于Matlab图形用户界面的数字水印系统

数字水印技术是一种典型的信息网络安全有效保护措施。文章运用Maflab软件强大的GUI（图形用户界面）功能开发出一种基于小波变换的数字水印系统,该系统的构建是通过对载体彩色图像进行小波变换,然后将二值水印图像嵌入到小波变换后载体图像的低频子带中。实验结果证明,文章利用Matlab软件构建的数字水印系统在抗噪声攻击、JPEG压缩、小幅度剪切方面效果良好,稳健性强。