翼型凹变对风轮旋转噪声影响特性分析

针对某分布式小型风力机叶片,为了探究翼型凹变后对风轮旋转噪声的影响效果,利用60通道声阵列系统对凹变叶片和原叶片风轮进行旋转噪声采集,并通过探究翼型凹变对风轮结构动态响应的影响,解析了翼型凹变造成风轮旋转噪声降低的原因.结果表明,翼型凹变可以有效地提高叶片的固有频率和阻尼比,提升了叶片的刚度,有效地减弱了叶片对周围流体...     

Novel 3D‐Printed Hybrid Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterial with Chirality‐Induced Sequential Cell Opening Mechanisms

New hybrid auxetic chiral mechanical metamaterial are designed and fabricated via multi‐material 3D printing. Due to the chirality‐induced rotation, the material have unique sequential cell‐opening mechanisms. Mechanical experiments on the 3D printed prototypes and systematic FE simulations show that the effective stiffness, the Poisson's ratio and the cell‐opening mechanisms of the new design can be tuned in a very wide range by tailoring two non‐dimensional parameters: the cell size ratio and stiffness ratio of component materials. As example applications, sequential particle release mechanisms and color changing mechanisms of the new designs are also systematically explored. The present new design concepts can be used to develop new multi‐functional smart composites, sensors and/or actuators which are responsive to external load and/or environmental conditions for applications in drug delivery and color changing for camouflage.

     

论陶瓷形态在现代陶艺中的情感意义

论述了偶然性因素对陶艺创作的影响,以及它具有的审美价值和文化内涵.偶然形态一开始虽不是人刻意制造的,但它的产生却改变了陶艺整体视觉效果,特别是当它迎合了某种文化需求时,它可能成为某种文化精神的载体,演化为人类精神沟通的形式语言.如果说偶然形态出现在陶艺的装饰与造型中是缘于人的、必然的审美要求,那么在陶艺发展史中人类对偶然形态的审美认知过程,就是时代和文化环境变迁发展的反映.     

黏土的结构性定量化表征及其弹塑性本构模型研究

结构性可增强土骨架的稳定性,在相同的应力条件下,结构性土与重塑土相比可保持更大的孔隙比.从结构性土的形成过程出发,详细分析了结构性对土体变形特性的影响及变形过程中结构性的衰退规律,提出了土体结构的定量化表征参数——相对结构度,并给出了该变量在土体变形过程中的演化方程.随后基于该参数推导了结构性土的体变方程,该方程反映了...     

公路施工现场单个堆料场修正重心法选址研究

公路工程项目施工现场材料堆料场的合理选址可以优化施工现场材料运输路径,有效减少材料二次搬运,改善现场交通环境,有助于实现施工现场的成本控制和文明施工。但现阶段堆料场选址都是凭借经验确定的,缺少科学的方法对其进行规范,为改善这种现象,分析比较了配送中心与公路工程项目施工现场堆料场的相似性,将单个配送中心选址方法中较经典的重心法进行修正后用于确定公路施工现场单个堆料场的选址,并用算例验证了其可行性。     

大跨度钢结构桁架施工技术

介绍了大跨度钢结构桁架施工技术;在山区狭窄场地内,采用临时支架及空中换钩进行吊装施工,论述了实际施工过程的复杂性和技术难度。     

Spatialised fate factors for nitrate in catchments: modelling approach and implication for LCA results

The challenge for environmental assessment tools, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is to provide a holistic picture of the environmental impacts of a given system, while being relevant both at a global scale, i.e., for global impact categories such as climate change, and at a smaller scale, i.e., for regional impact categories such as aquatic eutrophication. To this end, the environmental mechanisms between emission and impact should be taken into account. For eutrophication in particular, which is one of the main impacts of farming systems, the fate factor of eutrophying pollutants in catchments, and particularly of nitrate, reflects one of these important and complex environmental mechanisms. We define this fate factor as: the ratio of the amount of nitrate at the outlet of the catchment over the nitrate emitted from the catchment's soils. In LCA, this fate factor is most often assumed equal to 1, while the observed fate factor is generally less than 1. A generic approach for estimating the range of variation of nitrate fate factors in a region of intensive agriculture was proposed. This approach was based on the analysis of different catchment scenarios combining different catchment types and different effective rainfalls. The evolution over time of the nitrate fate factor as well as the steady state fate factor for each catchment scenario was obtained using the INCA simulation model. In line with the general LCA model, the implications of the steady state fate factors for nitrate were investigated for the eutrophication impact result in the framework of an LCA of pig production. A sensitivity analysis to the fraction of nitrate lost as N(2)O was presented for the climate change impact category. This study highlighted the difference between the observed fate factor at a given time, which aggregates both storage and transformation processes and a "steady state fate factor", specific to the system considered. The range of steady state fate factors obtained for the study region was wide, from 0.44 to 0.86, depending primarily on the catchment type and secondarily on the effective rainfall. The sensitivity of the LCA of pig production to the fate factors was significant concerning eutrophication, but potentially much larger concerning climate change. The potential for producing improved eutrophication results by using spatially differentiated fate factors was demonstrated. Additionally, the urgent need for quantitative studies on the N(2)O/N(2) ratio in riparian zones denitrification was highlighted.     

Cattle, crops and clearing: Regional drivers of landscape change in the Brigalow Belt, Queensland, Australia, 1840–2004

Landscape change occurs through the interaction of a multitude of natural and human driving forces at a range of organisational levels, with humans playing an increasingly dominant role in many regions of the world. Building on the current knowledge of the underlying drivers of landscape change, a conceptual framework of regional landscape change was developed which integrated population, economic and cultural values, policy and science/technology. Using the Southern Brigalow Belt biogeographic region of Queensland as a case study, the role of natural and human drivers in landscape change was investigated in four phases of settlement since 1840. The Brigalow Belt has experienced comparable rates of vegetation clearance over the past 50 years to areas of tropical deforestation. Economic factors were important during all phases of development, but the five regional drivers often acted in synergy. Environmental constraints played a significant role in slowing rates of change. Temporal trends of deforestation followed a sigmoidal curve, with initial slow change accelerating though the middle phases then slowing in recent times. Future landscape management needs to take account of the influence of all the components of the conceptual framework, at a range of organisational levels, if more ecologically sustainable outcomes are to be achieved.     

建筑工程造价中的设计变更和工程签证管理

介绍了设计变更及工程签证的含义与内容,阐述了设计变更及工程签证的签发原则与注意事项,并提出了加强设计变更和工程签证管理的措施,对建设单位正确确定工程造价、控制投资具有重要的意义。     

组合式相变材料储热换热器的特性实验研究

本文介绍了一套搭建的储热换热器性能测试装置和数据采集系统,主要研究由HR-35、月桂酸和HR-50这3种相变材料组合而成的储热换热器的特性。测试结果表明,与单一相变材料的储热单元换热器相比,组合式相变材料的储热换热器的储热速率有一定的提高。