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91.
Dynamics of the explosive growth of a vapor bubble in microgravity is investigated by direct numerical simulation. A front tracking/finite difference technique is used to solve for the velocity and the temperature field in both phases and to account for inertia, viscosity, and surface deformation. The method is validated by comparison of the numerical results with the available analytical formulations such as the evaporation of a one-dimensional liquid/vapor interface, frequency of oscillations of capillary waves, and other numerical results. Evolution of a three-dimensional vapor nucleus during explosive boiling is followed and a fine scale structure similar to experimental results is observed. Two-dimensional simulations yield a similar qualitative instability growth. 相似文献
92.
In a change detection paradigm, a target object in a natural scene either rotated in depth, was replaced by another object token, or remained the same. Change detection performance was reliably higher when a target postcue allowed participants to restrict retrieval and comparison processes to the target object (Experiment 1). Change detection performance remained excellent when the target object was not attended at change (Experiment 2) and when a concurrent verbal working memory load minimized the possibility of verbal encoding. (Experiment 3). Together, these data demonstrate that visual representations accumulate in memory from attended objects as the eyes and attention are oriented within a scene and that change blindness derives, at least in part, from retrieval and comparison failure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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95.
Use of climate scenarios to aid in decision analysis for interannual water supply planning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This work addresses the issue of climate change in the context of water resource planning on the time scale of a few years.
Planning on this time scale generally ignores the role of climate change. However, where the climate of a region has already
shifted, the use of historical data for planning purposes may be misleading. In order to test this, a case study is conducted
for a region, the Australian Capital Territory, where long term drought is raising concerns of a possible climate shift. The
issue is cast in terms of a particular planning decision; the option to augment water supply in the next few years to hedge
against the drought persisting. A set of climate scenarios are constructed for the region corresponding to the historical
climate regime and to regimes where progressively greater levels of change are assumed to have already taken place (5%, 10%,
20% reductions in mean rainfall). Probabilities of the drought persisting are calculated for each of the scenarios. The results
show substantial increases in the probability of the drought persisting for even moderate reductions in mean rainfall. The
sensitivity of the decision to augment supply to the scenario results depends ultimately on the planners tolerable thresholds
for the probability of the drought persisting. The use of different scenarios enables planners to explore the sensitivity
of the decision in terms of their risk tolerance to ongoing drought and to their degree of belief in each of the scenarios
tested. 相似文献
96.
97.
针对江西上犹江水电站大坝闸墩裂缝和检查廊道顶拱的贯穿裂缝,运用温度场和温度应力的有限元方法对施工和运行过程进行模拟计算,在运行期重点考虑夏季泄洪冷击和冬季寒潮对开裂的影响,根据计算结果对裂缝的成因进行分析。计算结果表明,不同时期的温度应力是产生裂缝的主要原因。提出了裂缝处理和预防的建议。 相似文献
98.
The change in the internal energy during uniaxial tensile deformation of austenitic stainless steels EN 1.4301 (AISI 304) and EN 1.4318 (AISI 301LN) was determined by measuring the extent of γ→α'‐martensite transformation and the temperature increase of the samples. From the results the fraction of the stored energy of cold work and the free energy change related to the strain‐induced γ→α'‐martensite transformation were determined. The fraction of stored energy varied around 0.4. With the metastable steel grades the free energy change related to the γ→α'‐martensite transformation was found to vary between ‐98 MJ/m3 and ‐206 MJ/m3 depending on the austenite stability of the steel. Furthermore, the magnitude of the mechanical driving force was estimated by comparing the results with the free energy change of thermally induced transformation. 相似文献
99.
层状介质中重力,地震联合反演的迭代算法 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12
本文提出一种用于层状介质中重力、地震资料联合反演层速度、层密度及弯曲界面深度的迭代算法。该方法通过引入加权最小平方目标泛函,将层状介质中的重力、地震资料联合反演问题转化成具体的优化问题。为了得到反问题的最优解,文中系统地研究了层状介质中双摄动处理技术,以及层状介质中波场摄动的一阶 Born 近似解与理论重力异常摄动解。并应用 Tarantola 的反演理论,导出了梯度算子的计算公式。然后应用最速下降法给出了求取最优解的具体算法,得到了一种类似于地震偏移与空间更投影的迭代反演方法。对理论模型进行重力、地震联合反演的结果表明,该方法不仅可碱少未知参数的个数,提高反演的收敛速度,而且可减少反演的不适定性,不失为一种可行的多参数反演方法。 相似文献
100.
本文对徐州地震台JB—72水平摆倾斜仪1988年11月至1989年5月间所记录到的24次同震阶变进行了深入分析,认为:a.造成同震阶变的原因是多方面的,而反应了地球应变场准静态调整的同震阶变才是有价值的价变异常;b.多观测手段的地震台站,同震阶变应该在不止一台仪器上得到响应。 相似文献