面向软件缺陷报告的提取方法

软件工程中的软件缺陷报告数量在快速增长,开发者们越来越困惑于大量的缺陷报告。因此,为了达到缺陷修复和软件复用等目的,有必要研究软件缺陷报告的提取方法。提出一种提取方法,该方法首先合并缺陷报告中的同义词,然后建立空间向量模型,使用词频反文档频率以及信息增益等文本挖掘的方法来收集软件缺陷报告中单词的特征,同时设计算法来确定句子复杂度以选择长句,最后将贝叶斯分类器引入该领域。该方法可以提高缺陷报告提取的命中率,降低虚警率。实验证明,基于文本挖掘和贝叶斯分类器的软件缺陷报告提取方法在接受者工作特征曲线面积(0.71)、F-score(0.80)和Kappa值(0.75)方面有良好效果。     

集成特征选择的最优化支持向量机分类器模型研究

考虑将特征选择集成到支持向量机分类器中,提出集成特征选择的最优化支持向量机分类器——FS-SDP-SVM(Feature Selection in Semi-definite Program for Support Vector Machine)。该模型将每个特征分别在核空间中做特征映射,然后通过参数组合构成新的核矩阵,将特征选择过程与机器分类过程统一在一个优化目标下,同时达到特征选择与分类最优。在特征筛选方面,根据模型参数提出用于特征筛选的特征支持度和特征贡献度,通过控制二者的上下限可以在最优分类和最少特征之间灵活取舍。实证中分别将最优分类(FS-SDP-SVM1)和最少特征(FS-SDP-SVM2)两类集成化特征选择算法与Relief-F、SFS、SBS算法在UCI机器学习数据和人造数据中进行对比实验。结果表明,提出的FS-SDP-SVM算法在保持较好泛化能力的基础上,在多数实验数据集中实现了最大分类准确率或最少特征数量;在人工数据中,该方法可以准确地选出真正的特征,去除噪声特征。     

Predicting performance in ASEAN banks: an integrated fuzzy MCDM–neural network approach

This paper presents a performance assessment of 88 Association of Southeast Asian Nations banks from 2010 to 2013, using an integrated three‐stage approach on financial criteria that emulates the CAMELS rating system. More precisely, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used first to assess the relative weights of a number of criteria related to capital adequacy (C), asset quality (A), management quality (M), earnings (E), liquidity (L), and sensitivity to market risk (S) based on the opinion of 88 Association of Southeast Asian Nations experts. Then, these weights are used as technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution inputs to assess their relative efficiency. Lastly, neural networks are combined with technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution results to produce a model for banking performance with effective predictive ability. The results reveal that contextual variables have a prominent impact on efficiency. Specifically, parsimony in equity leveraging derived from Islamic finance principles may be the underlying cause in explaining higher efficiency levels.     

A kernel-based centroid classifier using hypothesis margin

The centroid-based classifier is both effective and efficient for document classification. However, it suffers from over-fitting and linear inseparability problems caused by its fundamental assumptions. To address these problems, we propose a kernel-based hypothesis margin centroid classifier (KHCC). First, KHCC optimises the class centroids via minimising hypothesis margin under structural risk minimisation principle; second, KHCC uses the kernel method to relieve the problem of linear inseparability in the original feature space. Given the radial basis function, we further discuss a guideline for tuning the value of its parameter. The experimental results on four well-known data-sets indicate that our KHCC algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms, especially for the unbalanced data-set.     

改进粒子群算法和支持向量机的网络入侵检测

网络入侵检测一直是网络安全领域中的研究热点,针对分类器参数优化难题,为了提高网络入侵检测准确性,提出一种改进粒子群算法和支持向量机相融合的网络入侵检测模型(IPSO-SVM).首先将网络入侵检测率作为目标函数,支持向量机参数作为约束条件建立数学模型,然后采用改进粒子群算法找到支持向量机参数,最后采用支持向量机作为分类器建立入侵检测模型,并在Matlab 2012平台上采用KDD 999数据进行验证性实验.结果表明,IPSO-SVM解决了分类器参数优化难题,获得更优的网络入侵分类器,提高网络入侵检测率,虚警率和漏报率大幅度下降.     

基于卷积神经网络多层特征提取的目标识别

目标识别一直是人工智能领域的热点问题. 为了提高目标识别的效率,提出了基于卷积神经网络多层特征提取的目标识别方法. 该方法将图像输入卷积神经网络进行训练,在网络的每个全连接层分别进行特征提取,将得到的特征依次输入到分类器,对输出结果进行比较. 选取经过修正线性单元relu函数激活的低层全连接层作为特征提取层,比选取高层全连接层特征提取的识别率高. 本文构建了办公用品数据集,实现了基于卷积神经网络多层特征提取的办公用品识别系统. 选择AlexNet卷积神经网络模型的relu6层作为特征选取层,选择最优训练图像数量和最优分类器构建系统,从而证明了该方法的可行性.     

一种级联式微博情感分类器的构建方法

该文从统计学方法与机器学习的分类思想出发,对中文微博文本的情感类别进行研究。针对微博文本的特点,提出了一种级联式微博情感分类器模型,该模型首先构建基于情感词典和新浪表情符号词典的微博情感初级分类模型;然后根据基准词构建基于类别倾向相似度的二级分类模型,对初级模型未能确定情感类别的微博进行再次分类,并对初级模型的词典进行更新;最后采用朴素贝叶斯分类器构建三级分类模型,对以上还未确定情感类别的微博进行三级分类。通过与NLPCC2014微博情感分类评测参赛结果进行比较,说明了所提方法的有效性。     

XCSG在多机器人强化学习中的应用

XCS分类器在解决机器人强化学习方面已显示出较强的能力,但在多机器人领域仅局限于MDP环境,只能解决环境空间较小的学习问题。提出了XCSG来解决多机器人的强化学习问题。XCSG建立低维的逼近函数,梯度下降技术利用在线知识建立稳定的逼近函数,使Q-表格一直保持在稳定低维状态。逼近函数Q不仅所需的存储空间更小,而且允许机器人在线对已获得的知识进行归纳一般化。仿真实验表明,XCSG算法很好地解决了多机器人学习空间大、学习速度慢、学习效果不确定等问题。     

Density-induced margin support vector machines

This paper proposes a new classifier called density-induced margin support vector machines (DMSVMs). DMSVMs belong to a family of SVM-like classifiers. Thus, DMSVMs inherit good properties from support vector machines (SVMs), e.g., unique and global solution, and sparse representation for the decision function. For a given data set, DMSVMs require to extract relative density degrees for all training data points. These density degrees can be taken as relative margins of corresponding training data points. Moreover, we propose a method for estimating relative density degrees by using the K nearest neighbor method. We also show the upper bound on the leave-out-one error of DMSVMs for a binary classification problem and prove it. Promising results are obtained on toy as well as real-world data sets.     

Multi-class supervised classification of electrical borehole wall images using texture features

Electrical borehole wall images represent micro-resistivity measurements at the borehole wall. The lithology reconstruction is often based on visual interpretation done by geologists. This analysis is very time-consuming and subjective. Different geologists may interpret the data differently. In this work, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in combination with texture features is used for an automated lithology reconstruction of ODP (Ocean Drilling Program) borehole 1203A drilled during Leg 197. Six rock groups are identified by their textural properties in resistivity data obtained by a Formation MircoScanner (FMS). Although discriminant analysis can be used for multi-class classification, non-optimal decision criteria for certain groups could emerge. For this reason, we use a combination of 2-class (binary) classifiers to increase the overall classification accuracy. The generalization ability of the combined classifiers is evaluated and optimized on a testing dataset where a classification rate of more than 80% for each of the six rock groups is achieved. The combined, trained classifiers are then applied on the whole dataset obtaining a statistical reconstruction of the logged formation. Compared to a single multi-class classifier the combined binary classifiers show better classification results for certain rock groups and more stable results in larger intervals of equal rock type.