Ability to forecast unsteady aerodynamic forces of flapping airfoils by artificial neural network

The ability of artificial neural networks (ANN) to model the unsteady aerodynamic force coefficients of flapping motion kinematics has been studied. A neural networks model was developed based on multi-layer perception (MLP) networks and the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm. The flapping kinematics data were divided into two groups for the training and the prediction test of the ANN model. The training phase led to a very satisfactory calibration of the ANN model. The attempt to predict aerodynamic forces both the lift coefficient and drag coefficient showed that the ANN model is able to simulate the unsteady flapping motion kinematics and its corresponding aerodynamic forces. The shape of the simulated force coefficients was found to be similar to that of the numerical results. These encouraging results make it possible to consider interesting and new prospects for the modelling of flapping motion systems, which are highly non-linear systems.     

Ensemble component selection for improving ICA based microarray data prediction models

Independent component analysis (ICA) has been widely used to tackle the microarray dataset classification problem, but there still exists an unsolved problem that the independent component (IC) sets may not be reproducible after different ICA transformations. Inspired by the idea of ensemble feature selection, we design an ICA based ensemble learning system to fully utilize the difference among different IC sets. In this system, some IC sets are generated by different ICA transformations firstly. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is designed to select different biologically significant IC subsets from these IC sets, which are then applied to build base classifiers. Three schemes are used to fuse these base classifiers. The first fusion scheme is to combine all individuals in the final generation of the MOGA. In addition, in the evolution, we design a global-recording technique to record the best IC subsets of each IC set in a global-recording list. Then the IC subsets in the list are deployed to build base classifier so as to implement the second fusion scheme. Furthermore, by pruning about half of less accurate base classifiers obtained by the second scheme, a compact and more accurate ensemble system is built, which is regarded as the third fusion scheme. Three microarray datasets are used to test the ensemble systems, and the corresponding results demonstrate that these ensemble schemes can further improve the performance of the ICA based classification model, and the third fusion scheme leads to the most accurate ensemble system with the smallest ensemble size.     

基于TBM的自适应模糊k-NN分类器

针对训练模式类标签不精确的识别问题,提出基于可传递信度模型的自适应模糊k-NN（k-Nearest Neighbor）分类器。利用可传递信度模型结合模糊集理论和可能性理论并运用pignistic变换,对待识别模式真正所属的类做出决策。采用梯度下降最小化误差函数,以实现参数的自适应学习。实验结果表明,该分类器误分类率低、鲁棒性强。     

Cluster‐based ensemble of classifiers

This paper presents cluster‐based ensemble classifier – an approach toward generating ensemble of classifiers using multiple clusters within classified data. Clustering is incorporated to partition data set into multiple clusters of highly correlated data that are difficult to separate otherwise and different base classifiers are used to learn class boundaries within the clusters. As the different base classifiers engage on different difficult‐to‐classify subsets of the data, the learning of the base classifiers is more focussed and accurate. A selection rather than fusion approach achieves the final verdict on patterns of unknown classes. The impact of clustering on the learning parameters and accuracy of a number of learning algorithms including neural network, support vector machine, decision tree and k‐NN classifier is investigated. A number of benchmark data sets from the UCI machine learning repository were used to evaluate the cluster‐based ensemble classifier and the experimental results demonstrate its superiority over bagging and boosting.     

An investigation of the effects of correlation and autocorrelation on classifier fusion and optimal classifier ensembles

The purpose of this research was to study various fusion strategies where the levels of correlation between features and auto-correlation within features could be controlled. The fusion strategies were chosen to reflect decision-level fusion (ISOC and ROC), feature level fusion, via a single Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) employing all available features, and an intermediate level of fusion that employed the outputs of individual classifiers, in this case posterior probability estimates, before they are subjected to thresholds and mapped into decisions. This latter scheme involved fusing the posterior probability estimates by employing them as features in a probabilistic neural network. Correlation was injected into the data set both within a feature set (auto-correlation) and across feature sets, and sample size was varied for a two class problem. The fusion methods were then extended to three classifiers, and a method is demonstrated that selects the optimal classifier ensemble.     

采用不变矩傅氏级数表示的步态识别

步态作为唯一具备远距离识别能力的生物测量特征已经受到广泛的关注。步态序列包含人行走的静态和动态信息,综合利用这两方面信息是提高识别性能的关键。为了综合利用人行走的静态和动态信息来提高识别能力,提出了一种用步态的不变矩傅氏级数系数的幅值作为识别特征的步态识别方法。因为不变矩描述了人运动的静态信息,其在整个步态周期提取的特征则蕴含了人运动的动态信息,所以将不变矩作为识别特征用于步态识别。该方法首先计算每帧图像的不变矩;然后采用傅里叶级数来拟合整个不变矩系数序列,并用遗传算法搜索傅里叶级数系数;接着将这些系数的幅值表示为用于分类的特征向量;最后再用k近邻分类器对特征向量进行分类。通过对CMU步态数据库中的4种步态分别进行的实验结果表明,该方法对单独的矩可取得80%以上的识别率,而对级联的矩识别率则可达到90%以上。另外,该方法对部分遮挡也具有鲁棒性。实验结果和性能分析表明,这种结合静态和动态信息的识别方法是有效的。     

Face recognition based on a novel linear discriminant criterion

As an effective technique for feature extraction and pattern classification Fisher linear discriminant (FLD) has been successfully applied in many fields. However, for a task with very high-dimensional data such as face images, conventional FLD technique encounters a fundamental difficulty caused by singular within-class scatter matrix. To avoid the trouble, many improvements on the feature extraction aspect of FLD have been proposed. In contrast, studies on the pattern classification aspect of FLD are quiet few. In this paper, we will focus our attention on the possible improvement on the pattern classification aspect of FLD by presenting a novel linear discriminant criterion called maximum scatter difference (MSD). Theoretical analysis demonstrates that MSD criterion is a generalization of Fisher discriminant criterion, and is the asymptotic form of discriminant criterion: large margin linear projection. The performance of MSD classifier is tested in face recognition. Experiments performed on the ORL, Yale, FERET and AR databases show that MSD classifier can compete with top-performance linear classifiers such as linear support vector machines, and is better than or equivalent to combinations of well known facial feature extraction methods, such as eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, orthogonal complementary space, nullspace, direct linear discriminant analysis, and the nearest neighbor classifier.

目标定位图像中心新方法*

利用人工神经网络,无需对摄像机进行预标定,只要给出目标在计算机图像中的坐标点,就可直接得出摄像机云台水平和垂直需要调整的角度,将目标定位在图像中心。理论和实验证明,该方法比传统方法硬件要求低,算法简单,精度高。     

基于波谱库的特色农作物智能专家分类系统设计

农作物的长势监测和产量估算一直是遥感技术应用的重要方面,而一个好的农作物分类算法对于农作物产量和长势进行监测十分关键。目前对于一些特色农作物而言,这方面的研究比较缺乏。因此拳研究设计了符合特色农作物的长势监测和产量测算功能模块,将数据挖掘和知识发现应用到专家分类算法中,自行开发了适合农作物数据发现和挖掘的归纳学习算法,充分利用了波谱库中大量的波谱数据、相关属性和空间数据,形成了基于波谱库的特色农作物智能专家分类系统。     

Saturated Perceptrons for Maximum Margin and Minimum Misclassification Error

This Letter discusses the application of gradient-based methods to train a single layer perceptron subject to the constraint that the saturation degree of the sigmoid activation function (measured as its maximum slope in the sample space) is fixed to a given value. From a theoretical standpoint, we show that, if the training set is not linearly separable, the minimization of an L _p error norm provides an approximation to the minimum error classifier, provided that the perceptron is highly saturated. Moreover, if data are linearly separable, the perceptron approximates the maximum margin classifier