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51.
对低温器件计算机模拟方法作了具体的考虑。从求解变量和半导体物理意义出发,数值计算结果事先有一个定性范围,如果每一次循环的迭代初值都修正到这个数值范围内,那么选代过程将以更快的速度接近真解。提出了适用于低温半导体器件计算机模拟的增量限制方法,并且将该方法插入MINIMOS4.0进行了数值实验。结果表明,设置增量限制能保证低温半导体器件模拟的数值收敛性,并巨有较快的收敛速度。 相似文献
52.
电子设备中表面安装器件和电路基板以及焊接材料的热膨胀系数差异,使得SMT互连组件在热循环条件下产生热膨胀失配,在焊接处产生热应力,在长时间的交变应力的作用下,焊接处遭到疲劳破坏而使设备工作失效,这就是SMT互连组件在热循环条件下的基本失效机理。文中还介绍了美国MIL—HDBK—217F NOTICE Ⅱ公布的表面安装连接组件可靠性预测lSMT模型。给出一系列具有实用价值的参数。 相似文献
53.
通过对真丝绸整个产品生命过程的分析,对其进行了生命周期评价,说明了丝绸与其产地环境之间的联系和影响,尝试寻求两者之间的和谐关系,提出了清洁生产工艺的规划和各种行之有效的对策和措施,尝试了对环境友好的丝绸印染工艺的生态设计。 相似文献
54.
The environmental and socio‐economic impacts of biomass utilization by co‐firing with brown coal in an existing thermoelectric unit in Greece or through its pure combustion in a new plant were studied and evaluated in this work. The 125 MWe lignite‐fired power plant in Ptolemais Power Station (Western Macedonia) was used as reference system. The environmental benefits of the alternative biomass exploitation options were quantified based on the life cycle assessment methodology, as established by SETAC, while the BIOSEM technique was used to carry out socio‐economic calculations. The obtained results showed clear environmental benefits of both biomass utilization alternatives in comparison with the reference system. In addition, co‐firing biomass with lignite in an existing unit outperforms the combustion of biomass exclusively in a new plant, since it exhibits a better environmental performance and it is a low risk investment with immediate benefits. A biomass combustion unit requires a considerably higher capital investment and its benefits are more evident in the long run. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
55.
A model for building integrated photovoltaic systems has been developed and implemented in a dynamic simulation tool. This tool takes into account the thermal interactions between the PV collector and the building. The influence of the type of integration upon the PV collector efficiency has been evaluated and hybrid PV/air collectors have been studied. An overall efficiency is defined, including the production of electricity and heat. A case study has been performed on two different typical buildings. In the case of a multi-crystalline silicon PV collector integrated on the roof of a single family house located in Paris, the efficiency of unventilated PV modules fixed on the roof is 14%. If the PV collector is used to preheat the ventilation air, the efficiency reaches 20%. A proper building integration also improves the environmental balance of PV technologies over their life cycle. 相似文献
56.
数字加速度传感器ADXL210在轨检仪中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了一种轨道检测仪及其重要传感器数字加速度传感器ADXL210的工作原理、功能、应用,并给出了ADXL210与MCS-51单片机的接口硬件电路和软件程序。 相似文献
57.
Comparison of different absorption heat cycles is not always made on the correct manner. This also includes comparison of an ideal absorption cycle with a mechanical analogy. A new Carnot model operating with two heat engines and two mechanical heat pumps is defined to be the correct and logical way to describe the mechanical analogy for an absorption heat pump and an absorption heat transformer. General equations for the Carnot coefficient of performance, COPr, are exemplified and simulated for an absorption heat pump and an absorption heat transformer, and an entropy flow fraction diagram is introduced. The important fact that the absorption heat cycles must operate under the same conditions when they are compared is discussed. 相似文献
58.
59.
A procedure based on K?tter’s equation is developed for the evaluation of bearing capacity factor Nγ with Terzaghi’s mechanism. Application of K?tter’s equation makes the analysis statically determinate, in which the unique failure surface is identified using force equilibrium conditions. The computed Nγ values are found to be higher than Terzaghi’s value in the range 0.25–20%, with a diverging trend for higher values of angle of soil internal friction. A fairly good agreement is observed with other solutions which are based on finite difference coupled with associated flow rule, limit analysis, and limit equilibrium. Finally, the comparison with available experimental results vis-à-vis other solutions shows that, computed Nγ values are capable of making a reasonably good prediction. 相似文献
60.