厌氧胶快速渗补技术在汽车发动机上的应用

将金属铜易与过氧化物发生氧化还原反应生成游离基的原理应用于厌氧胶，开发了针时金属零件表面微孔进行局部渗补的实用技术。在相关技术可靠性和工艺可行性得以论证的前提下。将局部渗补技术成功地应用于渗补发动机泄漏缸盖，减少了废品损失，取得了良好的经济效益。     

Photoswitching of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Using Unsymmetrical Chiral Thioindigo Dopants: Photoinduced Inversion of the Sign of Spontaneous Polarization

A new unsymmetrical chiral thioindigo dopant 6‐[(R,R)‐2,3‐difluorooct‐1‐yloxy]‐5′‐nitro‐6′‐[(R)‐2‐octyloxy]thioindigo ( 4 ) designed to photoinvert the sign of spontaneous polarization (P_S) in a ferroelectric chiral smectic C (SmC*) liquid crystal was prepared using a synthetic approach previously developed in our laboratory. In this new “ambidextrous” design, the (R)‐2‐octyloxy side‐chain is sterically coupled to the thioindigo core and induces a positive P_S, whereas the (R,R)‐2,3‐difluorooctyloxy side‐chain is decoupled from the core and induces a larger negative P_S. In the trans form, this dopant induces a negative polarization in the SmC host (+)‐4‐(4‐methylhexyloxy)phenyl 4‐decyloxybenzoate ( PhB ). Irradiation of a 1 mol‐% mixture of 4 in PhB at λ = 510 nm caused a sign inversion of P_S, from –0.88 to +0.42 nC cm^–2 at T – T_C = –5 °C, which is consistent with an increase in the polarization power of the coupled 2‐octyloxy/thioindigo unit over that of the 2,3‐difluorooctyloxy unit, due to the increase in transverse dipole moment of the thioindigo core upon trans–cis photoisomerization. The P_S sign inversion was confirmed by a surface‐stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal photoswitching experiment. Spectroscopic measurements on films of the doped liquid crystal mixtures showed that trans–cis photoisomerization is gradually suppressed with increasing dopant mole fraction, possibly as a result of increased dopant aggregation.     

Integration of solvent extraction and liquid membrane separation: An efficient tool for recovery of bio-active substances from botanicals

An integrated process based on simultaneous solid-liquid extraction and liquid membrane separation is proposed for recovery and isolation of valuable species from botanicals. This integration provides complete exhausting of the solid material even in the case of very low solubility of the specified solute in the extracting solvent. Selectivity of the liquid membrane ensures a preferential transport of the desired solute from the native extract into the strip solution, while the other co-extracted species remain predominantly in the native extract.     

Effect of Plate Oscillation on Bubble Residence Time in an Aerated Stagnant Liquid

Gas transfer efficiency during absorption is an important factor in various technological processes involving the interaction between liquid and gaseous systems. It is known that gas bubble motion characteristics strongly affect the efficiency of mass transfer during gas absorption. A device for mechanical vibration of an aerated liquid was designed, based on a cylindrical column filled up with tab water and a plate oscillating in the vertical direction. The goal of the present study is to investigate the effect of vibration parameters such as amplitude, frequency and form of the applied signal on the efficiency of the oxygenation process. Bubble residence time in the liquid and bubble depth of submergence related to the oscillating plate surface were chosen as main parameters for measurements. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to study the effect of the design parameters of the vibrating plate on bubble motion characteristics. The resultant data show that bubble residence time and depth of submergence can be controlled by changing the amplitude, the frequency and the form of the vibration field applied.     

Filtration of liquid aerosols with a horizontal fibrous filter

The aim of this study was to determine the filtration efficiency and pressure drop in liquid aerosol capture mechanisms using a fibrous coalescent filter. The experimental set-up was designed to measure filtration efficiency and pressure drop through the filter. To avoid the gravimetric effect, the filter was placed horizontally. A series of experiments highlighted the importance of operating conditions such as filtration velocity and aerosol concentration. The results demonstrated the advantage of working at high velocities to minimise the resistance of the medium and to enhance the mass efficiency of the coalescent filter. In parallel, no effect of aerosol concentrations in the pressure drop increase was noted.     

Matrix mediated alignment of single wall carbon nanotubes in polymer composite films

Alignment of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in liquid crystalline (LC) polymer matrix imparting orientation to the nanotubes along the nematic director was studied by atomic force microscopy, measurements of electrical conductivity and Raman spectroscopy of the composite in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the nematic director. The composites were prepared through dispersion of SWNT with LC monomer in a common solvent, their alignment in nematic monomer and consequent UV polymerization of the monomer. The anisotropy of electrical and optical properties of the system depends strongly on the concentration of the nanotubes in the range of 1-10% SWNT being especially strong for smaller concentrations and negligible at higher loads. A simple semi-quantitative model is suggested to account for the orientational behavior of nanotubes in nematic matrices. It successfully describes the observed anisotropy of physical properties at microscale (up to 200 μm) in terms of anchoring of the polymer chains to the nanotubes surface and adjustment of the nanotubes orientation to the nematic direction due to such coupling. The increasing disorientation of the nematic domains at higher nanotubes loads is explained as a development of larger number of LC defects induced by the nanotubes in the nematic matrix due to their intrinsic nature of aggregation. The anisotropy of physical properties at macro scale (several millimeters) is much smaller and less dependable on SWNT concentration because differently oriented LC domains effectively wash out the anisotropy.     

Mixtures of tertiary amine functionalized azo-containing mesogens with acid-functionalized polymers

A tertiary amine functionalized 4-nitro-4′-alkoxy azobenzene mesogen with a 10 or 12 carbon spacer (azo-nN) was synthesized and complexed in equimolar proportions with poly(acrylic acid) (PA-H) and poly(sulfonic acid) (PSS-H), and investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The neat azo-nN is characterized by a partial bilayer S_A mesophase at higher temperatures, and a highly ordered phase, in which the molecules are stacked orthogonally in bilayers, at lower temperatures. As supported by infrared analysis, for the azo-nN/PA-H mixture, the complexation is partial while for the same azo-nN/PSS-H mixture, complete proton transfer occurs. When the azo-nN is blended with the PA-H, regarded as a weak acid, a biphasic system is generated and the thermotropic behavior of neat mesogen is not significantly affected. In contrast, by mixing the same mesogen with a PSS-H (regarded as a strong acid), the thermotropic behavior is significantly influenced: the complexation generated a partial or interdigitated smectic A or tilted smectic C lamellar phase.     

Influence of water and ammonia on hydrotreating catalysts and activity for tetralin hydrogenation

The effects of H₂O and NH₃ on the kinetics of the liquid phase hydrogenation of tetralin to decalin at 6.9 MPa and 330°C over commercial P---Ni---Mo/alumina catalysts in the presence of H₂S have been investigated. H₂O functioned as a mild kinetic inhibitor to an extent sensitive to the H₂S level. Quasi in situ XPS was used to investigate the catalyst structure after exposure to H₂0/H₂S.     

金属表面柴油机油沉积物的反射红外光谱法研究

利用镜反射红外光谱法研究了ＣＣ级柴油机油中添加剂对成漆板板面漆膜组成的影响：考察了成漆板漆膜组成与Ｃａｔ．１Ｈ２活塞环台漆膜组成的相关性。试验结果对柴油机油的研制和应用有一定指导作用。     

Determination of heavy metals and volatile aromatic compounds in used engine oils and sludges

Assessment of contaminant releases during utilization of used oils is essential for the determination of environmental acceptability. These paper reports the results of the study examining a toxic metal leachability from used engine oil and sludge samples employing leaching test (TCLP). The leaching test indicated that lead in oil samples exceeded 5-ppm concentration level what qualified them as a toxic waste. The samples of contaminated sludge were found to contain high concentration of total lead, barium and chromium, but the leaching test showed concentration below regulatory limit. The total content of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes (BETX), and naphthalene in used oil and sludge samples was also determined and was found not to be a significant factor to contamination.