Cesium salt of a heteropolyacid in nanotubular channels and on the external surface of SBA-15 crystals: preparation and performance as acidic catalysts

The Cs-salt of heteropolyacid with stoichiometry Cs_2.5H_0.5PW₁₂O₄₀ (CsHPW) was deposited selectively at the external surface of the SBA-15 silica microcrystals, inside its mesoporous channels and simultaneously at both location modes. The structure, texture and performance of these CsHPW/SBA-15 composites were compared with that of a reference bulk salt of the same composition. Location of CsHPW salt on the external surface of SBA-15 microcrystals leads to disintegration of its agglomerates increasing acidity of the catalytic phase. A novel preparation strategy consisting of grafting the basic Cs-species at the internal pores surface of SBA-15 stabilized the CsHPW phase inside the channels in form of 5–8 nm nanocrystals at 30–70 wt.% loadings. The catalytic tests demonstrated that insertion of the CsHPW catalytic phase inside the nanotubular channels of SBA-15 in combination with location of an additional amount of this phase at the external surface of SBA-15 microcrystals allows to increase the specific activity of this phase in MTBE synthesis, propionylation of anisole and alkylation of catechol with t-butanol by a factor of 1.5–3. This level of specific activity in combination with high total loading of catalytic phase >60 wt.% permit to get composite catalytic materials with catalytic activity higher by a factor of 1.2–1.5 with respect to the bulk CsHPW catalyst and stabilizing the catalytic phase against colloidization in polar media.     

水性纳米复合铁钛防锈涂料的研制

以不同类型乳液作为基料，将纳米复合铁钛防锈颜料中WD—A型粉和WD—D型粉以一定的比例配合，发挥协同效果，提高防锈性能，制备出性价比合理、综合性能优良的水性防锈涂料。并重点分析了影响漆膜耐盐水和盐雾性能的各项因素。     

改进化盐工艺降低酸碱消耗

介绍了采取不同配水工艺后酸碱消耗的比较情况，提出选择碱性配水化盐工艺可以降低酸碱消耗的建议。     

Electrochemical formation of Sm-Co alloys by codeposition of Sm and Co in a molten LiCl-KCl-SmCl3-CoCl2 system

Electrocodeposition of Sm and Co on a Cu substrate was investigated in a molten LiCl-KCl-SmCl₃ (0.5 mol.%)-CoCl₂ (0.1 mol.%) system at 723 K. Phase of the deposited Sm-Co alloys could be controlled by electrolysis potential. SmCo₃ was formed on a Cu substrate by potentiostatic electrolysis in the potential range of 0.20-0.90 V (vs. Li⁺/Li). Sm₂Co₁₇ was obtained in the potential range of 0.90-1.50 V.     

Electrodeposition Behaviour of Cadmium Telluride from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid

Voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode was used to study the electrochemical deposition of Cd–Te from the Lewis basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/tetrafluoroborate air-stable room temperature ionic liquid between 80 °C and 140 °C. Deposition of tellurium alone occurs through a four-electron reduction of Te(iv) to Te which could be further reduced to Te(-ii) at a more negative potential. The Cd–Te electrodeposits could be obtained by the underpotential deposition (UPD) of Cd on the deposited Te. The UPD of Cd on Te was, however, limited by a slow charge transfer rate. Samples of Cd–Te electrodeposits were prepared on tungsten and titanium substrates and characterized by energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The results showed that an excess amount of Cd(ii) was required in order to prepare CdTe codeposits with a Cd/Te atomic ratio approached 1/1. The deposit composition was independent of the deposition potential within the Cd UPD range. Raising the deposition temperature increased the UPD rate of Cd and promoted the formation polycrystalline CdTe.     

Molten salts/ceramic-foam matrix composites by melt infiltration method as energy storage material

A new type of high temperature energy storage material was obtained through the melt infiltration method, using compounding SiC ceramic foam as matrix and Na₂SO₄ as phase change material. The resulting composite material was measured by XRD, SEM, TG-DSC methods. The experimental results indicate that the composite is composed of silicon carbide, sodium sulfate and square quartz, and no chemical reactions occurs between Na₂SO₄ and SiC matrix. Na₂SO₄ has a good bonding with the SiC ceramic foam matrix. As the composite material is characterized by high thermal energy storage density and high thermal conductivity, it is suit for energy storage under high temperature. Funded by the “863” Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2008AA05Z418)     

开封引黄灌区灌溉条件下稻田土壤盐分阈值研究

结合各生育期水稻耐盐度、各处理实际种前初始土壤含盐量和对应生育期最高的土壤含盐量,分析了各灌溉处理条件下的稻田土壤含盐量在水稻各生育期的动态变化规律和允许初始土壤含盐量阈值.结果表明:控制灌溉及控制灌溉加淋洗条件下,各水稻生育期土壤含盐量均有不同程度降低,随着淋洗水量的增加土壤含盐量逐渐降低,并获得了不同灌溉方式下的允许稻田初始土壤含盐量阈值.此结论对实际应用有指导意义.     

雪后路面大量“撒盐”的危害及防护措施

2008年初南方地区抗击雪灾中大量使用融雪剂清除冰雪,进而引发对融雪剂所带来危害的关注,呼吁有关部门高度重视融雪剂对钢筋混凝土路面的腐蚀危害,提出合理除雪和科学使用融雪剂的方法。     

氯盐在水泥海排灰结合料中的固化机理

目的 通过内掺氯盐对水泥海排灰结合料微观结构的分析,揭示内掺氯盐的水泥海排灰结合料的固化机理.方法 采用SEM、XRD和理论分析的方法 对水泥海排灰结合料的性能和微观结构进行研究,并且分析含氯盐的水泥海排灰的固化机理.结果 当海排灰中含有氯盐时,水泥海排灰结合料7 d、28 d龄期均能生成一种新的晶体-Friedel盐;海排灰中掺加质量分数为0.5%氯盐的结合料试件经过无侧限强度试验7 d龄期强度较高,28 d龄期强度最高.结论 海排灰中的氯盐可以在水泥海排灰结合料中得到固化,从而提高结合料的强度.     

菱镁防火板改性的实验研究

研究了菱镁制品防止返卤泛霜的工艺和结构改性问题,采用正交试验优化菱镁水泥配比,同时加入微硅粉和粉煤灰及乳白胶等构成的复合改性剂,通过实验找出复合改性剂的最佳配方.复合改性剂中的高分子聚合物包覆在晶体外壁形成良好的防水保护层,提高了耐水性;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察微观结构表明,改性剂中的硅酸根在晶体间的空隙中自行交联一方面堵塞毛细孔道,抑制氯离子渗出而返卤泛霜,另一方面又能与Mg2+形成抗水性较强的胶凝结晶化合物,使菱镁制品返卤泛霜的现象得到了明显的抑制,同时也增加了制品强度和减小了翘曲变形性.