医药副产含磷废盐的提纯研究

随着精细化工及中间体产品的发展,各类副产废盐量不断增加,由于其产生量大及难处理等特点,成为阻碍行业发展的一大瓶颈。主要开展了医药副产含磷废盐的提纯实验研究,针对废盐产生的途径和特性,采用洗脱剂（甲醇-乙醇）+活性炭混合洗脱与重结晶的方式,分别去除废盐中的有机物和氯化钠,回收可利用的磷酸盐,实现废盐的提纯资源化。当洗脱剂与废盐的体积质量比为1 mL/g、洗脱剂甲醇与乙醇的体积比为4∶6、活性炭用量为废盐质量的0.4%时,废盐中的有机物得到了有效去除。随后对得到的混盐进行重结晶得到回收磷酸盐,回收磷酸盐的纯度可达98%以上,符合工业磷酸盐行业标准的要求。将含磷废盐提纯回收磷酸盐,1 t废盐的处理成本约为174.24元,可回收0.61 t磷酸盐,实现了废盐的资源化再利用。     

Stability of protective oxide films in waste incineration environment—solubility measurement of oxides in molten chlorides

Solubility measurements of several oxides in molten NaCl-KCl and NaCl-KCl-Na₂SO₄-K₂SO₄ were conducted in three different levels of basicity. The dissolution behavior of the oxides showed almost the same tendency as that shown by the dissolution behavior of the oxides in molten Na₂SO₄ in literature. In a waste incineration environment, a protective Cr₂O₃ film easily dissolves in molten chlorides as CrO₄²⁻ because pO²⁻ of the molten chlorides tends to have a small value due to the effect of water vapor contained in the combustion gas. From the result of the solubility measurement, the addition of molybdenum and/or silicon was expected to improve the corrosion resistance of alloys. Laboratory corrosion tests confirmed this expectation. However, the scale analysis suggested that the effect of molybdenum could not be explained completely by only the mechanism derived from the result of the solubility measurement.     

电梯用含氮节镍奥氏体不锈钢QN1701的组织和性能

借助Thermo-Calc热力学相图计算软件,开发了用于电梯的含氮节镍奥氏体不锈钢QN1701(12Cr17Mn7Ni2Cu2N),以代替443(019Cr21CuTi)超纯铁素体不锈钢。通过OM、SEM和电化学工作站等方法研究了QN1701和443不锈钢的组织及性能。N原子起着间隙固溶和细晶强化的作用,使QN1701不锈钢的屈服强度提高至400 MPa以上,达到443不锈钢的1.32倍。QN1701不锈钢的点蚀电位为241 mV,低于443不锈钢的289 mV,但其点蚀速率为9.10 g/(m2·h),低于443不锈钢的14.58 g/(m2·h)。在电梯用研磨拉丝表面状态下,QN1701不锈钢在质量分数为10%NaCl中性盐雾和干湿循环盐雾等加速腐蚀试验中的耐蚀性能均优于443不锈钢。分析发现,443不锈钢添加一定量的Nb、Ti稳定化元素所生成的(Nb,Ti)(C,N)析出相经研磨拉丝处理后,暴露于表面或被拖拽后留下微坑,导致其耐蚀能力急剧下降。综上所述,相较443不锈钢,QN1701不锈钢具有强度更高、伸长率更大和在研磨拉丝表面状态下耐蚀性更好等特点,这对于电梯轻量化设计和长寿命具有重要价值。     

An electrochemical method for the preparation of Mg–Li alloys at low temperature molten salt system

Mg–Li alloys have been prepared by electrolysis in a molten salt electrolyte of 50% LiCl–50% KCl (mass%) at low temperature of 420–510 °C. The effects of electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density on alloy formation rate and current efficiency were studied. For the deposition of metallic lithium on the cathode consisting of solid Mg and liquid Mg–Li, both electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density have no obvious influence on current efficiency; while for the deposition of metallic lithium on the solid magnesium cathode, both electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density greatly affect alloy formation rate and current efficiency. The optimum electrolysis condition is—molten salt mixture, LiCl:KCl = 1:1 (mass%), electrolytic temperature: 480 °C, cathode current density: 1.13 A cm⁻². Mg–Li alloys with low lithium content (about 25 wt% Li) were prepared via electrolysis at low temperature following by thermal treatment at higher temperature.     

季辚盐对Al缓蚀作用的研究

用微分极化电阻和微分电容测量法研究3种季辚盐化合物在1mol·L-1MgCl2溶液中对Al的缓蚀作用及季辚盐分子结构对缓蚀效率的影响。结果表明,季辚盐化合物具有较好的缓蚀作用,链长的季辚盐比链短的缓蚀效率高。季辚盐在Al表面上吸附服从Langmuir吸附等温式,且为物理吸附。     

含B4C中性盐浴渗硼工艺问题的研究

在含Ｂ４Ｃ中性盐浴渗硼的高温反应研究的基础上，对该盐浴存在的工艺问题进行了分析研究。指出了渗硼能力均匀性，工件表面腐蚀斑与玻璃体的关系，分析了老化盐致使工件清洗困难的成因。     

钢铁构件表面上的无机富锌涂层

阐述了无机富锌涂层的研究、发展、特性和应用，指出无机富锌涂层具有杰出的耐环境侵蚀性能、耐化学性、耐溶剂性、耐辐射性、耐热性，在恶劣腐蚀环境下它是钢结构件的最佳底涂层。     

模具盐浴稀土钒硼共渗的组织与性能

研究了Ｃｒ１２Ｍｏｖ．Ｃｒ１２，９ＣｒＳｉ和Ｔ８等钢的盐浴稀土钒硼共渗共艺，渗层组织与性能；讨论了共渗工艺参数、共渗剂成分配比及稀土元素添加量等因素对共渗层的影响。冷作模具的使用寿命经ＲＥ－Ｖ－Ｂ共渗处理后比常规工艺处理的提高３～７倍。     

石墨电极的研究与实践

介绍了石墨材料的有关性能、石墨组合电极的结构形式和其在生产现场中的应用情况及注意事项，并将石墨组合电极的性能特点与传统的钢质电极进行了对比，从而达到推广应用的目的。研制了与以往启动装置完全不同的石墨启动电极，为盐炉启动技术的发展，提供了新的途径。     

铝合金钢盐浴硫氮碳在层中合金元素的分布及组织特征

对３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ，４２ＣｒＭｏ和Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４Ｖ２Ａｌ合金钢盐浴硫氮碳共渗层的组织进行了研究表明：３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ和Ｗ６Ｍｏ６Ｃｒ４Ｖ２Ａｌ钢的共渗层中，白亮层和过渡层的交界处有沿一定晶面析出的大量针状氮化物和沿晶界析的网状氧化物，它们导致白亮层中出现１００μｍ左右的裂纹。