络合法制备LiPF_6的电解液电导率研究

以六氟磷酸为原料,经络合反应、锂交换反应和浓硫酸反应制备了LiPF_6。铝盐浓度为1.0 mol/L时,LiPF_6在碳酸乙烯酯中的电导率是7.53 mS/cm。将自制LiPF_6配以不同电解液有机溶剂,在最佳锂盐浓度、最佳溶剂及溶剂配比下,测定了LiPF_6的电导率。结果表明,自制LiPF_6的电导率高,LiPF_6的品质符合锂离子电池电解质盐的要求。     

东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组烃源岩生烃底限及其差异探讨

随着油气勘探不断向地层深部拓展,弄清烃源岩层生烃底限对于确定含油气盆地有效勘探领域范围和评价油气资源潜力都具有十分重要的意义。为此,以渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组烃源岩为研究对象,根据烃源岩层生排烃机理,采用有机元素变化分析法、生烃潜力法、残留烃量法和排烃量法4类7种方法对该区烃源岩的生烃底限进行了研究。结果表明:1用不同方法确定的沙河街组烃源岩生烃底限相差不大,全区生烃底限对应的镜质体反射率值(Ro)介于3.23%~3.97%,平均为3.71%,全区生烃底限对应的深度H值介于5 244~5 525m,平均为5 433 m;2凹陷北部生烃底限Ro介于3.61%~3.97%,平均为3.81%,其生烃底限H值介于5 415~5 545m,平均为5 488 m;3凹陷南部生烃底限Ro介于3.20%~3.74%,平均为3.48%,其生烃底限H值介于5 265~5 375m,平均为5 278 m。结论认为:该区南、北地区生烃底限存在差异,北部地区生烃底限对应的热演化程度(Ro)值和深度值明显高于南部地区,这与凹陷北部沙河街组发育巨厚膏盐层有关,主要体现为南、北地区在有机质类型、地层温度和压力等方面存在着差异性。     

络合法去除油田硫酸钡的研究与应用

以二乙烯三胺五乙酸（DTPA）为螯合剂主剂,配以氢氧化钾中和至pH值为13,并添加一定量的无机盐,对重晶石粉末进行溶出研究。结果表明,在DTPA质量分数一定的情况下,由于溶液黏度影响,钾盐的助溶效果为钠盐的2倍;随着无机盐质量分数的增加,碳酸钾、氟化钾和氯化钾对重晶石的助溶效果相应增加,碳酸钾添加量为10%时,溶出率达到最高的47.79%;反应4 h时,由于重晶石结块导致反应面积增大,碳酸钾的助溶效果比氟化钾高10.56%;反应12 h时,反应趋于完全,由于盐效应影响反应终点,氟化钾的助溶效果比碳酸钾高12.39%;对DTPABa3-离子进行了计算机模拟,得到了其稳定构象,并分析了钡离子络合常数低的原因;最终将该螯合剂应用于某堵塞油井,并对返排液中的无机盐组分、硫酸盐沉淀组分进行了XRD分析,并在沉淀中检测出钡元素,证明油井解堵成功,应用良好。      

Fracture gradient prediction: an overview and an improved method

Abstract The fracture gradient is a critical parameter for drilling mud weight design in the energy industry. A new method in fracture gradient prediction is proposed based on analyzing worldwide leak-off test (LOT) data in offshore drilling. Current fracture gradient prediction methods are also reviewed and compared to the proposed method. We analyze more than 200 LOT data in several offshore petroleum basins and find that the fracture gradient depends not only on the overburden stress and pore pressure, but also on the depth. The data indicate that the effective stress coefficient is higher at a shallower depth than that at a deeper depth in the shale formations. Based on this finding, a depth-dependent effective stress coefficient is proposed and applied for fracture gradient prediction. In some petroleum basins, many wells need to be drilled through long sections of salt formations to reach hydrocarbon reservoirs. The fracture gradient in salt formations is very different from that in other sedimentary rocks. Leak-off test data in the salt formations are investigated, and a fracture gradient prediction method is proposed. Case applications are examined to compare different fracture gradient methods and validate the proposed methods. The reasons why the LOT value is higher than its overburden gradient are also explained.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西北部长9储层沉积特征及地质意义

综合分析岩心、测井与分析化验等测试结果,认为鄂尔多斯盆地西北部长9储层沉积期整体处于水上沼泽环境,主要发育辫状河三角洲平原亚相,沉积受西北和东北两个物源体系控制,以西北物源为主。岩石学研究表明,长9油层砂岩类型主要为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,成分成熟度较低,结构成熟度中等;受沉积影响,长9沉积砂体在纵向上结构表现为无粒序变化均一型和复合粒序型两种特征,分流河道微相为主要储集体,易于石油聚集成藏。     

ZmCIPK21, A Maize CBL-Interacting Kinase,Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Salt stress represents an increasing threat to crop growth and yield in saline soil. In this study, we identified a maize calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase (CIPK), ZmCIPK21, which was primarily localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells and displayed enhanced expression under salt stress. Over-expression of ZmCIPK21 in wild-type Arabidopsis plants increased their tolerance to salt, as supported by the longer root lengths and improved growth. The downstream stress-response genes, including dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) genes were also activated in transgenic plants over-expressing ZmCIPK21. In addition, introduction of the transgenic ZmCIPK21 gene into the Arabidopsis mutant cipk1-2 rescued the salt-sensitive phenotype under high salt stress. Measurement of Na⁺ and K⁺ content in transgenic plants showed that over-expression of ZmCIPK21 decreased accumulation of Na⁺ and allowed retention of relatively high levels of K⁺, thereby enhancing plant tolerance to salt conditions.     

AM/NVP/N-MAM三元共聚物驱油剂的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(N-MAM)为单体,过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠[(NH4)2S2O8-NaHSO3]为氧化还原引发剂,合成了一种水溶性共聚物AM/NVP/N-MAM。确定了最佳反应条件:m(AM)∶m(NVP)∶m(N-MAM)=80∶9∶2.5,pH为9,温度60℃,引发剂加量0.3%。对AM/NVP/N-MAM共聚物进行了红外结构表征,确立了聚合物的结构。与部分水解聚丙烯酰胺相比,该聚合物具有较好的抗剪切耐温性(1 000 s-1:其粘度保留率达17.52%;120℃:其粘度保留率达22.6%)。当NaCl、CaCl2、MgCl2浓度分别为12 000,1 200,1 200 mg/L时,该聚合物粘度保留率分别可达到25.34%,22.21%,23.89%。此外,相对于水驱,该聚合物可提高采收率12.63%(聚合物浓度1 750 mg/L)。     

复合无机盐CuSO4/Fe2(SO4)3催化合成乙酸异戊酯

乙酸异戊酯通常在浓硫酸催化下由乙酸和异戊醇酯化制得,由于浓硫酸的氧化和脱水作用存在产品纯度低和色泽深等缺点,开发性能更加优良的酯化催化剂以代替硫酸成为研究热点。为考察复合无机盐催化剂CuSO₄/Fe₂(SO₄)₃合成乙酸异戊酯的催化性能,研究乙酸和异戊醇为原料在复合无机盐CuSO₄/Fe₂(SO₄)₃催化下的酯化反应,并考察催化剂用量、反应时间和乙酸与异戊醇物质的量比对乙酸酯化率的影响。结果表明,在乙酸用量0.1 mol、异戊醇用量0.2 mol、催化剂用量0.8 g、反应时间2.0 h和带水剂环己烷用量10 mL条件下,酯化率高于93%。催化剂具有催化活性高、操作简单和不污染环境等优点。     

高盐高氨氮废水的回收利用

试验研究了高盐、高氨氮废水回收利用的可能性。具体方法为:先从废水中分离出氯化钠,然后将分离出的NaCl溶解,加烧碱调pH值后,再通入氯气反应除铵。