基于CFD的某仿古木塔风压分布研究

随着计算机技术的发展,CFD模拟分析成为研究复杂建筑体型风压分布的方法之一。本文采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT中的RNG k-ε湍流模型研究了某传统楼阁式仿古高层纯木佛塔具有代表性的4种风向角下的风压分布,并与现行《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB50009)中的相关风压体型系数进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,在0°风向下,该仿古木塔受到最大的风荷载作用;在0°和45。风向下,该结构各楼层层间墙面带和檐顶带的风压体型系数均与规范中的常数取值不同,而是随着楼层呈现出一定的变化。同时,给出了整个仿古木塔最大负风压的分布范围和大小。研究结论对该类结构风荷载的计算具有一定的参考价值。     

Numerical simulations of the current-matching effect and operation mechanisms on the performance of InGaN/Si tandem cells

Numerical simulations are conducted to study the current-matching effect and operation mechanisms in and to design the optimized device structure of InGaN/Si tandem cells. The characteristics of short circuit current density (J_sc), open circuit voltage (V_oc), fill factor (FF), and conversion efficiency (η) of InGaN/Si tandem cells are determined by the current-matching effect. The similar trend of η to that of J_sc shows that J_sc is a dominant factor in determining the performance of InGaN/Si tandem cells. In addition, the combined effects of the J_sc, V_oc, and FF lead to an optimized η in the medium-indium, xpn-InGaNInGaN‒to‒Si, InGaN/Si tandem cell. At xpn-InGaNInGaN‒to‒Si, the J_sc of the InGaN subcell is equal to that of the Si subcell such that an InGaN/Si tandem cell reaches the current matching condition to operate at the maximum power point. Similar to the J_sc and FF, the η for low- xpn-InGaN<xpn‒InGaNInGaN‒to‒Si and high-In xpn-InGaN>xpn-InGaNInGaN‒to‒Si InGaN/Si tandem cells are InGaN- and Si subcell-limited, respectively. Furthermore, the p- and n-layer thicknesses, indium content, and position of depletion region of InGaN subcell should be adjusted to reapportion the light between the two subcells and to achieve the maximum conversion efficiency. With appropriate thicknesses of p- and n-InGaN, In_0.5–0.6Ga_0.5–0.4 N/Si tandem cells can exhibit as high as approximately 34% to 36.5% conversion efficiency, demonstrating that a medium-indium InGaN/Si tandem cell results in a high-efficiency solar cell. Simulation results determine that the current-matching effect and operation mechanisms of InGaN/Si tandem cells can be utilized for efficiency enhancement through the optimized device structures.     

A piezocone dissipation test interpretation method for hydraulic conductivity of soft clays

An alternative approach is developed in order to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of soft fine grained soils, based on numerical simulation of the full penetration and dissipation process for piezocones. Unlike previous methods of analysis, the process of penetration and dissipation has been explicitly simulated, thus eliminating several of the simplifications inherent in existing interpretation methods such as geometric approximations, predefined stress fields or neglecting material compressibility. The presented method is not established upon a particular set of data leading to limited applicability, but is rather developed using a more general approach and can be extended to other datasets if intended. Given the time to 50% consolidation and a number of influencing soil parameters, a single estimate of the soil horizontal permeability can be obtained via a single-run piezocone sounding using pore pressure measurements taken at the shoulder filter element (u₂) located immediately behind the cone.The proposed interpretation method embodies many of the key parameters (namely the soil shear strength, soil rigidity, and soil confining stresses) likely to influence the soil behaviour and thus the parameter to be interpreted. Numerical analyses demonstrated that the rate of dissipation increases as the soil rigidity or the soil confining pressure increases, which is a consequence of higher excess pore pressure gradient at higher depths or at larger rigidities. The method, which involves a new excess pore pressure normalisation technique, is applicable to both monotonic and dilative dissipation data. The proposed interpretation method is compared to a series of experimental data including two recent field tests. Although the method was calibrated against only a select few cases, its applicability to a wide range of clayey soils was verified.     

砌法对混凝土空心砌块热工性能的影响

运用数值计算的方法模拟了24种不同孔洞结构的240mm×115mm×90mm(长×宽×高)粉煤灰小型空心砌块的耦合传热过程,得出单个空心砌块的当量导热系数值。模拟中考虑沿着砌块长度方向及宽度方向传热对当量导热系数的影响。结果表明:沿着传热垂直方向增加孔数减弱了砌块的保温隔热效果,沿着传热平行方向增加孔数增强了砌块的保温隔热性能。另外,还对三种砌法的砌筑单元结果进行了比较,选出了最优方案,此种砌法不仅减少了寻找最优孔型的工作量和时间,而且新型砌法的结果比以往方法找出的最优方案要为理想。     

3D random Voronoi grain-based models for simulation of brittle rock damage and fabric-guided micro-fracturing

A grain-based distinct element model featuring three-dimensional （3D） Voronoi tessellations （randompoly-crystals） is proposed for simulation of crack damage development in brittle rocks. The grainboundaries in poly-crystal structure produced by Voronoi tessellations can represent flaws in intact rockand allow for numerical replication of crack damage progression through initiation and propagation ofmicro-fractures along grain boundaries. The Voronoi modelling scheme has been used widely in the pastfor brittle fracture simulation of rock materials. However the difficulty of generating 3D Voronoi modelshas limited its application to two-dimensional （2D） codes. The proposed approach is implemented inNeper, an open-source engine for generation of 3D Voronoi grains, to generate block geometry files thatcan be read directly into 3DEC. A series of Unconfined Compressive Strength （UCS） tests are simulated in3DEC to verify the proposed methodology for 3D simulation of brittle fractures and to investigate therelationship between each micro-parameter and the model＇s macro-response. The possibility of numericalreplication of the classical U-shape strength curve for anisotropic rocks is also investigated innumerical UCS tests by using complex-shaped （elongated） grains that are cemented to one another alongtheir adjoining sides. A micro-parameter calibration procedure is established for 3D Voronoi models foraccurate replication of the mechanical behaviour of isotropic and anisotropic （containing a fabric） rocks.
2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

大型立式氢气保护钎焊炉温度特性分析

大型立式氢气保护钎焊炉用于超长工件的氢气保护钎焊,为了提高工件的焊接质量,对设备工作区的温度均匀性进行了研究。通过有限元分析法对设备的热场进行了数值模拟,分析了工作区的热场分布。对设备的加热结构进行了优化设计,减少了设备纵向温度差,保证了工作区的温度均匀性。     

铁路旅客站房高架车道污染物扩散研究

以某铁路旅客站房高架候车层两侧的高架车道为研究对象,采用CFD数值模拟的方法,模拟计算了高架候车厅周围污染物的浓度分布,结合《环境空气质量标准》分析了高架车道污染物对车站落客区和高架候车厅新风取风口空气品质的影响。研究结果表明,静风工况下高架车道对新风口影响较大,污染物浓度随着高度增加而降低,其中高架候车厅主进站口附近 CO 浓度最高达到8.4mg/m3,能够满足卫生标准,两侧浓度偏高,某些区域浓度超标;主导风工况下,高架候车层周围CO浓度得到明显降低,室外空气对CO有较好的稀释作用,能够满足卫生标准。     

缠绕螺旋线斜拉索气动性能的数值模拟

为研究螺旋线对斜拉索气动性能的影响,采用Fluent软件的LES模块对光拉索和缠绕螺旋线拉索进行数值模拟。首先,建立了光拉索和缠绕螺旋线拉索的数值计算模型,并在拉索轴向布置9个截面的风压和风速监测点;然后,采用Fluent软件的大涡模拟模块进行了数值计算;最后,在数值模拟数据的基础上,研究了螺旋线对拉索平均阻力系数、脉动升力系数、旋涡脱落频率、风压和风速的轴向相关性、绕流流场等的影响。研究结果表明:在风雨激振发生的雷诺数范围内,缠绕螺旋线能减小拉索的平均阻力系数;破坏规则的旋涡脱落,减小脉动升力系数,降低气动力在拉索轴向方向的相关性。     

Effects of ambient pressure and precursors on soot formation in spray flames

The effects of ambient pressure on soot formation in spray jet flames are investigated by means of a two-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS). In addition, the effects of precursors on soot formation are also discussed. The inception models considering acetylene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) precursors are employed and compared in this study. The extended flamelet/progress-variable approach (EFPV) in which heat transfer between a droplet and the surrounding fluid can be considered is employed as a combustion model. Jet A is used as a liquid fuel with considering the detailed chemistry including 274 chemical species and 1537 elemental reactions by the flamelet library. The evaporating droplets’ motions are tracked by the Lagrangian method and the non-equilibrium Langmuir–Knudsen model is used as an evaporation model. Results show that the spray jet flame structure and the soot formation characteristics are considerably affected by the ambient pressure condition. The soot volume fraction increases with increasing the ambient pressure. It is also revealed that the dominant process to promote the soot formation is different between the acetylene and PAH precursor models. It is essential to model a soot inception process with appropriate precursors in order to understand a detail mechanism of soot formation, since the precursor which plays the important role depends on the type of fuel and the combustion conditions.     

闭式冷却塔性能优化

本文通过对某一公司的闭式冷却塔为例,陈述影响冷却塔性能因素,并进一步着重阐述了冷却塔优化模型的一般步骤,运用数值计算方法分析在各种工况下冷却塔所能达到的最佳性能,并找到最优化设计参数。