溶胶-凝胶法制备RDX/SiO_2薄膜

为有效阻止RDX/SiO2膜的开裂,基于溶胶-凝胶法制膜原理,通过调节SiO2溶胶的摩尔配比和陈化时间,在其凝胶点处加入一定量RDX的N,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)溶液,同时添加适量黏结剂,手工旋涂并冷冻干燥成膜。结果表明,适当增加水与正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的摩尔比(r),缩短溶胶恒温陈化时间,缓慢干燥的同时保证环境湿度,加入质量分数3%~5%的氟橡胶(FPM2602)或聚乙烯醇(PVA),均可以增强凝胶骨架的连接作用,在一定程度上减少RDX/SiO2膜的开裂。     

Production and Sensitivity Evaluation of Nanocrystalline RDX‐based Explosive Compositions

The initiation sensitivity of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) was investigated as a function of crystal size. For this study, RDX powders with mean crystal sizes of ca. 200 and 500 nm were prepared by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) with carbon dioxide as the solvent. Initiation sensitivity testing to impact, sustained shock, and electrostatic discharge stimuli was performed on uncoated as well as wax‐coated specimens. The test data revealed that in a direct comparison to coarser grades the nanocrystalline RDX‐based samples were substantially less sensitive to shock and impact stimuli. Furthermore, the 500 nm RDX‐based specimens exhibited the lowest sensitivity values, an indication that minima in shock and impact sensitivities with respect to crystal size exist.     

RDX biodegradation column study: influence of ubiquitous electron acceptors on anaerobic biotransformation of RDX

A series of column studies, with aquifer material from the former Nebraska Ordinance Plant (NOP), were performed to explore the phenomenon of electron competition from ubiquitous inorganic electron acceptors (nitrate and sulfate) present in contaminated groundwater. Acetate was used as a source of readily biodegradable carbon in all of the treatment‐column systems. Influent hexahydro‐1, 3, 5‐trinitro‐1, 3, 5‐triazine (RDX) concentrations (1–1.8 mg dm^?3) were completely removed to below detection levels of 20 µg dm^?3 in all treatment‐column systems without any nitroso‐metabolites. In the control‐column system (with no carbon amendment) significant levels (～30% of the inlet molar RDX) of nitroso‐substituted RDX derivates were observed in the effluent stream. The estimated first‐order biodegradation rate coefficient for RDX was highest (0.79 h^?1) in the treatment‐column system where acetate was the only amendment, about 52 times higher than the rate coefficient (0.015 h^?1) obtained in the control‐column system. The presence of sulfate (100 mg dm^?3) in influent groundwater temporarily delayed the onset of RDX biotransformation without any adverse effects on overall RDX biotransformation. Coexistence of low (100 mg dm^?3) nitrate levels in the influent feed water reduced the first‐order biodegradation rate coefficient obtained in the absence of nitrate by about 80% to 0.16 h^?1. These nitrate levels, however, were low to halt the RDX biodegradation probably because the available carbon levels were high enough to exceed the demands for nitrate reduction. High levels of nitrate (500 mg dm^?3) initially halted RDX removal, and significantly reduced the rate of RDX biotransformation by about 98% to 0.02 h^?1, thereby increasing the half‐life from 0.9 h in the absence of nitrate to about 32 h, with noticeable levels of untreated RDX in the effluent stream. Contrary to the expectations, the presence of ammonium in conjunction with acetate resulted in a lower (0.09 h^?1) biodegradation rate coefficient as compared with the one obtained in the absence of ammonium. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

微观参量表征RDX含量对非均质单基发射药力学性能的影响

为了用界面微观参量表征非均质发射药宏观力学性能,对黑索今(RDX)含量为0%(即粘结剂基体),10%,20%,30%,35%的单基发射药在-40,20,50℃下进行抗压性能、抗冲击性能实验研究,并测试了20,30,40,50℃粘结剂基体接触角,进而测算出粘结剂基体的表面能,粘结剂基体与RDX的界面能,最终定义表征宏观力学性能的微观参量——单位质量RDX与粘结剂基体界面粘附能(Ed),并将Ed与对应含量RDX发射药的力学性能参数(屈服应力σ,体积变形冲击功D)由方程y=a+be-x/t拟合。发现拟Ed与σ和D呈指数衰减函数关系,拟合结果与宏观性能测试结果一致,两者结果均为:随着RDX含量的增加,Ed减小,且屈服应力和体积变形冲击功均增大。表明可用微观参量表征单基发射药的宏观力学性能。     

高级脂肪酸酯类化合物包覆RDX的研究

为了解高级脂肪酸酯类化合物对黑索今(RDX)性能的影响,以RDX为主体,分别添加质量分数为3%和5%的2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇四月桂酸酯(BHDBTL)、2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇四硬脂酸酯(BHDBTS)和2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇四(12-羟基硬脂酸酯)(BHDBTHS)包覆RDX,制备了6个钝感RDX配方。用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、激光粒径分析、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)表征了包覆前后RDX的结构和性能,并依据GJB772-1997测试了其机械感度。结果表明,被5%BHDBTL,BHDBTS,BHDBTHS包覆的RDX比表面积分别由0.0374m2·g-1增大至0.173m2·g-1、0.344m2·g-1、0.328m2·g-1;包覆后RDX的分解热提高,当包覆剂为5%BHDBTHS时,RDX的分解热由1479.1J·g-1提高至1912.5J·g-1;当包覆剂为5%的BHDBTL、BHDBTS和BHDBTHS时,包覆后RDX的撞击感度分别为28%、48%、52%,摩擦感度分别为20%、60%、48%。     

黑索今的合成工艺最新研究进展

综述了国内外合成RDX的最新方法及改进工艺。对各种工艺的原理和优缺点进行了归纳总结。系统介绍了RDX制备中的新技术应用,并对今后的研究重点进行了展望。     

TAX的制备及工艺研究

本文介绍了 TAX 的制备工艺,探讨了如何在 TAX 含量大于40%的情况下,提高 TAX+RDX 的总产量.力图通过正交实验考察 TAX 的产量找到最佳制备工艺条件,并用高压液相色谱得出了它们的含量,对反应机理进行了初步说明.     

Semi‐quantitative Study on the Inclusion in Cooling Crystallization of RDX Using Various Solvents

Inclusion entrapped inside the crystals prepared in the cooling crystallization of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) from solution was studied. Effect of supersaturation on the inclusion formation was also studied in crystallization using solvents. Solvents such as acetone (AC), cyclohexanone (CH), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP), γ‐butyrolactone (BL), and their mixtures with water were investigated. The quantitative amount of inclusions entrapped in the RDX crystallized in various solvents was related to the supersaturation. The inclusion fraction in the crystals was affected by the supersaturation and the solvent. In order to decrease the inclusion fraction, in the low supersaturation, AC and CH were recommended, while in high supersaturation, NMP and DMSO were desirable. Eventually the solvent effect on the inclusion was grasped by considering the supersaturation effect.     

α-Cr2O3纳米棒的制备及其催化性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为表面活性剂(CTAB),乙酰丙酮铬为铬源,于180℃下用水热法合成了α-Cr2O3纳米棒.用TG-DSC及红外对中间体乙酰丙酮铬进行了表征.通过XRD衍射分析,表明产物Cr2O3为α相六方晶型结构.扫描电镜观察剑纳米棒的直径约为70～80nm,长度约为0.5～1.2μm.DTA数据表明,Cr2O3纳米棒对RDX的热分解具有催化作用.经退火处理的Cr2O3纳米棒能有效促进RDX的分解,使分解温度前移10 C.