空调节能技术分析

本文对空调如何节能进行了两方面的初步分析，一是建筑节能，二是空调中的节能技术；指出了在节能设计和节能运用上的一些问题。     

A case study: Reliability‐based product development and improvement model

A field data‐driven reliability and improvement program was introduced to ForHealth Technologies, Inc. (FHT) in December 2004 for its IntelliFill i.v. (IFiv) System. Since then, FHT has developed and executed a unique reliability‐based product development and improvement model. As a result of implementing this model, from January 2005 to February 2007, the reliability of IFiv System improved its Mean Syringes Between Failures by 1703%, Operator Interventions Per Thousand Syringes by 45%, and Mean Time Between Failures improved by 1725% with system uptime of over 99%. Furthermore, system‐related product costs were reduced by over 40%. IFiv has now delivered over 16 million doses without any medication errors and helped hospital pharmacies realize their drug cost savings along with higher operational efficiencies. The purpose of this case study is to share FHT's success story of conducting reliability‐based product development and improvement program, while keeping the process simple with fast results. This model is applicable at system level for all industries with positive bottom line impact. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

特约稿：能源互联网背景下综合能源服务市场运营模式及关键技术

近年来,国内外学者对综合能源服务的物理支撑技术和市场运营技术等方面开展了诸多有益的探索,其中,前者的研究成果较为丰富,而后者还相对匮乏,这一现实情况严重制约了我国综合能源服务的市场化、规模化发展。对此,本文关注于能源互联网与综合能源服务的发展协同性,分析了能源互联网在市场组织形式、服务商业模式和数据业务化三个方面对综合能源服务规模化发展的促进作用,进而研究、探讨了综合能源服务的市场运营模式及配套技术。一是基于市场成熟度和信息透明度的变化趋势,将我国综合能源服务市场的发展划分为无组织的分散竞争阶段、局部平台化的信息汇聚阶段和全域生态化的产业生态阶段,并针对不同市场阶段构建了以能源服务商、信息运营商和综合能源服务平台为参与主体的市场组织形式。二是从上述三类市场参与主体的价值闭环和运营流程入手,分别构建了以满足用户多元用能需求、积极链接供需双方撮合交易达成、引导各主体市场行为为核心的商业模式,并分析了各市场主体在不同市场阶段下的运营特性及经营核心。三是探讨了综合能源服务市场运营所涉及4类关键技术的建模原理及技术框架：1）提出基于智慧终端、采集设备等数据来源,依托大数据、云计算、物联网等技术方法,考虑用户用能行为特征、用能需求特征及服务潜力等维度,构建用户多层级画像技术,以实现用户多维度用能需求和用能意愿的数据化、标签化、可视化;2）提出基于模糊综合评价、数据包络分析、综合集成赋权等技术方法,通过建立涵盖企业实力、服务能力和服务产品三方面的评价指标体系,构建能源服务商综合画像技术,以实现对综合能源服务商的客观综合评价;3）提出以分析、预测各类服务产品及服务市场未来供需趋势、影响因素和变化规律为主要目的的市场精准画像技术,并针对各类型市场主体的职能特点,分别探讨了适用于能源服务商和信息运营商的市场短期潜力评估方法、适用于综合能源服务平台的中长期市场趋势分析方法的构建思路。4）针对综合能源服务市场的阶段性发展路径,提出基于简单加权、和谐性分析、逼近理想解排序等多准则决策方法,构建面向市场分散竞争阶段的综合能源服务主动推送策略,以及基于组合服务、关联规则挖掘、协同过滤推荐等理论方法,构建面向市场信息汇聚阶段和产业生态阶段的规模性服务推荐策略。最后,从促进市场集中度和开放度不断提高、重视用户侧能源消费行为的引导与培育、提升用能数据获取能力和分析处理能力三个方面,对未来的研究、实践和政策制定工作提出了若干建议。总体而言,能源互联网的发展背景不仅将打破传统的能源服务供需模式,还将重塑综合能源服务业态,要充分发挥能源互联网推动综合能源服务规模化发展的促进作用,今后还需要在市场运营模式、技术等层面上开展更为广泛和深入的研究与实践工作。     

离散选择模型在智慧社区中的应用

随着信息科学基础的大力发展,“智慧城市”已成为我国各个城市探索与发展的趋势,作为“智慧城市”重要内容的“智慧社区”探索与建设也成为一种必然。大数据挖掘技术为智慧社区的实现提供了关键性技术支撑,让社区管理与服务智能化、信息化成为了可能。本文通过离散选择模型技术在社区智慧旅游套餐产品的应用为案例,详细阐述了大数据技术在智慧社区中的实际应用,有效证实了大数据技术应用的可行性。     

建筑规划设计中的节能技术

从规划建筑专业设计角度,对建筑节能技术的运用进行了分析,旨在强调在项目设计前期,就应将建筑的节能性与其功能性、美观性、经济性和舒适性进行统筹考虑、综合设计,确保建筑产品在实现可观经济效益的同时,获得良好的社会效益。     

Discontinuous profile grinding of multi-phase,case-hardened gears with improved load-carrying capacity

Highly-loaded transmission components like gears are case hardened for most applications to reach a load adapted strength. The surface layer microstructure as a function of heat treatment decisively determines the achievable load-bearing properties of the component as well as the technological limits of gear grinding. Against this background, this paper deals with the machinability (discontinuous profile grinding) of differently (carburizing and carbonitriding) case-hardened gears with various multi-phase microstructures and improved load-carrying capacity. Therefore, effects of different material phases, precipitates and their distribution in the surface layer on the gear-grinding process will be discussed.     

Fuel Cell Modeling Strategic Roadmap: A Systematic Approach

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are promising electrochemical devices for the direct conversion of chemical energy of a fuel into useful electrical work with vast applications in automotive, stationary, and autonomous power. It is widely recognized that progress in PEFC technology is a multi‐disciplinary challenge and hinges on Research and Development (R&D) breakthroughs in design, fabrication, and implementation of innovative materials, processes, and system optimization. Fuel cell modeling, in particular, has been the subject of intense research in the past two decades, as it is of great importance to design and process optimizations. Building upon the insights obtained in a European Collaborative Research Program, we present an analysis of fuel cell modeling R&D roadmap by focusing on technical and market attributes and the inter‐relations therein. The roadmap is driven by three distinct outcomes – alpha, beta and commercial versions, reflecting the maturity of the multi‐scale software. All roadmap entries are organized in layers, namely Market and Business; Services; Products; High Level Targets; Technology; Science; and Enablers and Resources. This study contributes to a much needed foundation for further planning of potential R&D and demonstration projects of fuel cells for automotive and other emerging sectors.     

Collaboration forms,information and communication technologies,and coordination mechanisms in CPFR

Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) programmes seek to improve the ability to anticipate and satisfy future demand by enhancing collaboration among companies within the supply network. Despite the existence of a detailed and comprehensive process model—published by the Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards Committee—in practice CPFR can take a number of different forms. This paper aims to investigate differences in CPFR implementation as to the type of inter-company collaboration put into practice, and the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and coordination mechanisms adopted to perform CPFR. Moreover, it seeks to analyse the relationships between these dimensions in order to comprehend and explain the rationale behind the managerial choices that lead companies to implement different CPFR configurations. The multiple-case study method is adopted to investigate the research questions. In particular, the implementation of CPFR in seven supply networks is examined. This research identifies six types of collaboration that can be performed to implement CPFR. Then, using this taxonomy as its starting point, it accounts for differences in the adoption of the ICTs and coordination mechanisms necessary to support CPFR. The paper's conclusions summarize the research's main theoretical and managerial contributions.     

聚四氢呋喃的生产方法及国内外技术发展

综述了聚四氢呋喃的生产工艺方法,包括氟磺酸工艺、杂多酸工艺、醋酐-醇解,分析了各种生产工艺的基本生产过程,探讨了国内外聚四氢呋喃的工艺技术发展情况。