新型平板电离室的研制与初步测试北大核心CSCD

研制一款同时测量质子束流与剂量的平板电离室。利用基于有限元分析的Ansys模拟软件和Geant4蒙特卡罗软件对电离室电场分布、等效水厚度、不同能量质子束穿过电离室后的横向散射等参数进行模拟,进而优化电离室结构。并利用YXLON 450 kV X射线管、6 MeV脉冲加速器与北京大学串列加速器对电离室进行初步测试,电离室运行稳定,射线位置二维分布信息采集准确,性能良好。     

BRISOL钠同位素放射性核束的产生

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器（BRISOL）采用100 MeV、200 μA回旋加速器提供的质子束打靶产生中、短寿命放射性核束,在线分析后供物理用户使用,其质量分辨率好于20 000。为开展²⁰Na核的奇异衰变特性研究,研制了氧化镁靶,并采用100 MeV质子束轰击氧化镁靶在线产生了^20～26Na⁺的钠同位素放射性核束。当质子束流强为8 μA时,²⁰Na⁺离子束的最大产额为2×10⁵ s^-1,²¹Na⁺离子束的最大产额为4×10⁸ s^-1。完成了北京放射性核束装置首个放射性核束物理实验,累计供束近200 h。     

Optimization of O measurement using NRA for studies of isotopic content in fossil meteorites

In this work, we discuss the possibility of a new approach to measuring oxygen isotope ratios in fossil meteorite samples, specifically one based on nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). Variations of oxygen ratios within meteoritic chromite grains can help to determine the type of meteorite to which the grains originally belonged. In this work, we have evaluated the possibility to use the reaction ¹⁸O(p, α)¹⁵N just above the 846 keV resonance to estimate the relative oxygen-18 content in a number of test samples. Another technique has to be employed for oxygen-16 measurements. A large area segmented silicon detector is used to detect the produced α particles. Results of the experimental ¹⁸O measurements for a number of samples including four extraterrestrial chromite grains are presented and compared with SIMNRA simulations. The advantage of a segmented silicon detector in the form of inherent pile-up suppression can be clearly seen in the current work.     

On the comparison of three methods of assessing beam quality for broad beam in vitro cell irradiation

The interaction of charged particles with living matter has recently attracted increasing interest in the field of biomedical applications such as hadron therapy, radioprotection and space radiation biology. Particle accelerators are particularly useful in this area.In vitro radiobiological studies with a broad beam configuration require beam homogeneity. The goal is to produce a dose distribution given to a cell population that is as close to uniform as possible.In this paper, we compare the results of three devices used to assess the beam quality for broad beam irradiation: a passivated implanted planar silicon (PIPS) particle detector, a position-sensitive solid state detector, which is camera-like, and a solid state nuclear track detector (CR39).The first device is a PIPS detector of 300 μm nominal depletion depth and an entrance window with a thickness of about 500 Å. It is collimated with a 0.5 mm aperture and mounted in air on an XY moving table as close as possible to the exit window of the beam line.The second device is a CMOS position-sensitive detector (technological process 0.6 μm AMS CUA), 112 × 112 pixels, with 153 × 153 μm² pixel size. It allows the user to rapidly obtain dose uniformity over a surface of 1 × 1 cm². During uniformity and dose rate assessment it is placed in air at the PIPS location.For both detectors, beam profile was obtained for various proton fluxes (from ∼5 × 10⁴ to 10⁶ particles cm⁻² s⁻¹). Preliminary tests were made with CR39 using 4 MeV He⁺⁺ ions.Results are analysed using Poisson distribution and cell hit probability.     

强流相对论电子束二极管的模拟计算

文章用一个2 1/2维二极管模拟程序,研究了不同形状的无箔二极管在不同电压、不同导引磁场下的电子束输出特性。程序考虑了空间电荷效应,束流自磁场的各个分量及电子的三维运动,并使用了Child-Langmuir发射定律,计算上采用非均匀差分网格。计算结果表明,二极管形状及所加电压和磁场对输出电子束都有很大影响。导引磁场越强,输出束流越大,发散性越小。磁场大到一定程度后,束流不再增加,反而稍有降低。     

离子束电子束多功能材料表面处理设备

本设备由以下系统组成:注入系统,有溅射离子源及不对称三电极加速管,能量50keV,流强4mA(N~+);电子束系统,能量45keV,功率密度10~2—10~6W/ cm~2;配备微机程序的束偏摆装置;靶材易换的磁控溅射靶;可作旋转、平移、升降等机械运动的高真空工作室(φ500×1600mm)。可进行离子注入及混合、电子束上釉及合金化、磁控溅射离子镀等工艺。该设备为材料表面改性和薄膜制备提供了新的手段。     

元素溅射率与离子束入射角的关系

Yamamura指出:若能量为E的离子束倾斜轰击多晶元素靶,则原子相对溅射率y(θ)=Y(θ)/Y(0°)随离子束入射角θ变化的曲线可表示为含二个参数的经验公式:y(θ)=t~f·exp{g-(t-1)},t=secθ。其中,f和g是待定参数,其值由实验决定。g=f·cosθ_0,θ_0是元素溅射率Y(θ_0)达到最大值时的离子束最佳入射角。 我们导出了离子束的最佳入射角拟合公式(8),并讨论了它的物理意义。因而,含二个参数的Yamamura经验公式(1)变成只含一个参数的原子相对溅射率公式(4)。其中,待定参数f的值由解析公式(21)给出。     

PIXE analysis and fission track dating of obsidian from South American prehispanic cultures (Colombia, Ecuador)

In the present work we have coupled PIXE with fission track dating to characterise obsidian artefacts from about 40 archaeological sites of Colombia and Ecuador. PIXE analysis, carried out with the external beam line of the AGLAE tandem accelerator, yields the content in about 15 elements with Z > 8, whereas fission track dating is applied to ages in excess of about 10 000 years. About 120 artefacts were investigated by PIXE, of which 50 were dated by fission tracks. Ages and compositions were compared to those of obsidians from all known geological sources of the region. We show that this double characterisation allows us to determine the number of obsidian sources exploited in an ancient past and to give some insight into obsidian circulation.     

离子束分析在艺术和考古学中的应用

本文通过与运用其它分析技术的同类工作进行比较来述评离子束分析法在艺术和考古学研究中的应用。为了说明离子束分析法的利弊,精选了一些实例来阐述该方法在艺术和考古学领域中的发展趋势和重要成就。     

Effect of ion irradiation and heat treatment on adhesion in the Cu / Teflon system

To improve the adhesion of a metal coating to Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE), the ion beam technique has been used. Adhesion enhancement was obtained by irradiation of the Cu/Teflon interface with heavy ions in the GeV energy range. XPS analysis gave evidence for the long-range transport of Cu atoms into the polymer. Heating the Cu/Teflon sample after ion irradiation led to even stronger bonding between Cu and Teflon.