Adhesion enhancement of polyimide on copper by Ar ion beam etching of copper

Ar ion beam etching (IBE) can be used to roughen a Cu surface and thus improve the adhesion of subsequently spin-coated polyimide (PI) films. During Ar IBE, the surface morphology of sputter-deposited Cu changes from round bumps to a rough cone structure. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the PI/Cu interface is increased for certain specific beam conditions. Under optimal conditions, the UTS of the etched PI/Cu interface (6.2 MPa) is twice that of the unetched PI/Cu interface (3.1 MPa). Cu is detected in the deposited PI by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The amount of Cu at the top surface of the 2.5 μm thick PI film is 0.1 at. %; this is determined by RBS and XPS. While the Cu is dissolved by polyamic acid and diffuses into the PI, an oxygen-rich region is formed in the Cu. The oxygen-rich region in Cu grows from 50 A (approximately Cu₂O) before PI deposition to more than 2000 A (where the oxygen concentration is about 5 at. %) after PI deposition. The oxygen source is not the PI itself but either dissociated oxygen from the water vapor in the PI imidization process or a product of the chemical reaction between Cu and polyamic acid.     

Design and Fabrication of Fiber-Optic Nanoprobes for Optical Sensing

This paper describes the design and fabrication of fiber-optic nanoprobes developed for optical detection in single living cells. It is critical to fabricate probes with well-controlled nanoapertures for optimized spatial resolution and optical transmission. The detection sensitivity of fiber-optic nanoprobe depends mainly on the extremely small excitation volume that is determined by the aperture sizes and penetration depths. We investigate the angle dependence of the aperture in shadow evaporation of the metal coating onto the tip wall. It was found that nanoaperture diameters of approximately 50 nm can be achieved using a 25° tilt angle. On the other hand, the aperture size is sensitive to the subtle change of the metal evaporation angle and could be blocked by irregular metal grains. Through focused ion beam (FIB) milling, optical nanoprobes with well-defined aperture size as small as 200 nm can be obtained. Finally, we illustrate the use of the nanoprobes by detecting a fluorescent species, benzo[a]pyrene tetrol (BPT), in single living cells. A quantitative estimation of the numbers of BPT molecules detected using fiber-optic nanoprobes for BPT solutions shows that the limit of detection was approximately 100 molecules.     

Nonlocal material properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Natural frequencies of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) obtained using a model based on Eringen's nonlocal continuum mechanics and the Timoshenko beam theory are compared with those obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. The goal was to determine the values of the material constant, considered here as a nonlocal property, as a function of the length and the diameter of SWCNTs. The present approach has the advantage of eliminating the SWCNT thickness from the computations. A sensitivity analysis of natural frequencies to changes in the nonlocal material constant is also carried out and it shows that the influence of the nonlocal effects decreases with an increase in the SWCNT dimensions. The matching of natural frequencies shows that the nonlocal material constant varies with the natural frequency and the SWCNT length and diameter.     

扫描切割脉冲束产生的附加离子能散

文章对脉冲化系统中扫描板产生的线性加速效应和附加离子能散作了研究,给出了离子能散曲线。提出了在时间压缩磁铁的入、出口处各加一个可在水平方向旋转和平移的磁屏蔽,可克服由于这种能散在磁铁后的靶上产生的色散。在靶上可得1ns的脉冲质子束,束斑大小为3×4mm~2。     

翼缘削弱型钢梁的整体稳定性分析

针对钢框架梁翼缘削弱式(RBS)节点梁的整体稳定性能进行了分析。采用能量法研究了不同荷载作用下RBS 梁的整体稳定性能, 将梁翼缘削弱段刚度采用等效折减刚度进行分析, 得到RBS 梁侧向弯扭失稳的临界荷载, 并与等截面梁临界荷载进行对比。讨论了不同削弱参数下RBS 梁的临界弯矩变化规律, 并通过有限元数值计算验证了削弱参数对RBS 梁弯扭失稳临界弯矩的影响。研究结果表明:RBS 梁削弱参数整体对侧向弯扭失稳影响明显, 其临界弯矩值较同尺寸的普通钢梁明显降低, 工程设计中应考虑其不利影响;RBS随梁跨度的增加, 削弱段局部刚度对整段梁的刚度影响作用减弱, 当RBS梁的高跨比较小时, 可以忽略削弱参数对临界弯矩的影响。     

实腹式型钢混凝土梁抗弯承载力计算方法

基于试验结果,文中建立了实腹式型钢混凝土梁正截面抗弯承载力计算公式和相应验算条件及中和轴的界限值．建议公式的计算值与试验结果吻合较好．     

电子束辐照对白酒香气组分影响的研究

以泸州老窖1573白酒为研究对象,通过对其受到电子束辐照前后紫外吸收光谱及气相色谱的分析,研究了电子束对1573白酒香气组分的影响。结果表明,随着辐照剂量的增加,在284~300nm波段,紫外吸收光谱吸光度值呈下降趋势,此波段的相似度值也依次减小;气相色谱检测到56种香气组分,其物质含量发生变化的香气组分有41种,占总香气组分物质种类的73%。白酒中主要香气组分酯类含量整体呈下降趋势,酸类含量呈上升趋势,这与其他浓香型白酒陈酿过程中酯类、酸类物质的变化趋势保持一致,推测电子束辐照对1573白酒有一定的催陈作用。      

单光子发射断层图像的人体衰减校正

本文论述了人体组织对γ射线的吸收给ＳＰＥＣＴ图像造成的影响，通过分析对比人体衰减的各种校正办法，提出了我们的新方法，采用偏置的线源和平行缝准直器，产生倾斜的扇形束投影，在同一台ＳＰＥＣＴ上获取透射型和发射型两种数据，从透射型数据重建出人体衰减系数的三维分布图。然后对发射型图像作精确的校正。     

Design study of a 120-keV,3He neutral beam injector

We describe a design for a 120-keV, 2.3-MW,³He neutral beam injector for use on a D-³He fusion reactor. The constraint that limits operating life when injecting He is its high sputtering rate. The sputtering is partly controlled by using an extra grid to prevent ion flow from the neutralizer duct to the electron suppressor grid, but a tradeoff between beam current and operating life is still required. Hollow grid wires functioning as mercury heat pipes cool the grid and enable steady state operation. Voltage holding and radiation effects on the acceleration grid structure are discussed. We also briefly describe the vacuum system and analyze use of a direct energy converter to recapture energy from unneutralized ions exiting the neutralizer. Of crucial importance to the technical feasibility of the³He-burning reactor are the injector efficiency and cost; these are 53% and $5.5 million, respectively, when power supplies are included.The beam is composed of 91 separate, parallel currents that flow in the gaps between the elements or wires of a grid. Each such flow is referred to as a beamlet. The current densities in Figs. 5, 8, and 9 are values within a beamlet, as measured at the beam-forming grid. They are not values averaged over the entire beam cross-section.     

Study of connection detailing on SMRF seismic behavior for unequal beam depths

This study investigates the differences in the seismic behavior of Special Moment Resisting Frames (SMRF) with unequal beam depths, which can be affected by connection detailing arrangements. The studied connection detailing arrangements consist of continuity plate arrangements, such as straight or inclined continuity plates, coverplate, flange plate connections, and the haunch connection system on the shallow beam side, which can create some alternatives for the connection of the shallow beam and the deep beam to the column. In spite of the occurrence of this special case in everyday engineering practice, the codes do not take these special cases into consideration. Six full-scale experiments were performed in order to improve the understanding of the seismic behavior associated with this special case. Companion analyses were then conducted in order to consider the effects of the above-mentioned connection detailing arrangements on the analytical rupture indices. The results of the experiments and analyses have shown that the described connection detailing arrangements can achieve performance corresponding to story drift ratios of at least 4% to 6% before experiencing 20% strength degradation. By the use of a specific combination of a flange plate connection with a haunch connection system, crack propagation on the deep beam's bottom flange, which is observed in most connection detailing arrangements for this special case, can be eliminated.