γ-radiation effects on metal oxide particles and their wetted surfaces

ABSTRACT

Typical metal oxide corrosion products of structural materials have been irradiated with γ-rays in ultra-pure water to investigate the effect of radiation on the surface oxide and the nature of adsorbed water. Analysis techniques including thermal gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after γ-irradiation were employed to investigate surface structural effects and adsorbed water behaviour. The production of H₂ in the oxide nanoparticle mixtures was investigated by gas chromatography to probe the mechanism of radiolysis in the water/oxide mixtures and the relationship with surface water. The nature of water at the surface of the oxides was affected by γ-radiation and the relationship was dependent on the particle composition. The rate of H₂ production was shown to be oxide dependent, and higher rates of H₂ formation were attributed to the decomposition of surface adsorbed water. Changes to the surface chemistry and H₂ production rates were found to be highly dependent on the surface chemistry of the metal oxide nanoparticle and no bulk structural changes were observed.     

Three-dimensional layered porous graphene aerogel hydrogen getters

Organic getters are often introduced into sealed systems to remove the excessive reactive hydrogen gas. In this work, the formable graphene aerogel hydrogen getters are prepared by integrating the alkyne-containing molecules (e.g., DEB) into the palladium-loaded three-dimensional layered porous graphene aerogel (Pd-GA). The performance of Pd-GA/DEB composite materials in reducing reactive hydrogen gas is examined at pressures of 0.1–1 bar at a temperature of 25 °C, and the hydrogen consumption is measured as a function of time. Results suggest that the hydrogen uptake capability of Pd-GA/DEB getters increases with the loading of Pd particles on the GA and the content of Pd⁰. The highest hydrogen absorption capacity is up to 215.5 cm³/g, and the hydrogenation rate of DEB molecules is 89.3%. This study promotes the fundamental understanding of solid-phase catalytic hydrogenation and the applications of 3D layered porous graphene aerogel in hydrogen absorption.     

空压机站的振动与噪声治理

分析了空压机站振动和噪声产生的原因,提出了减振消声的具体办法,介绍了振动与噪声治理工程取得的成果。     

两功能溴化锂吸收式直燃机与电动压缩式冷水机组的经济性分析比较

对深圳市某一建筑物集中空调系统机房主要设备分别采用溴化锂吸收式直燃机和电动式冷水机及其配套设备进行了详细的比较。指出前者的初投资、年运行费用、设备占地面积均比后者大。     

New biosorbent materials for heavy metal removal: product development guided by active site characterization

Olive pomace wastes were used as precursors for the development of new biosorbents for heavy metals. Thermal and/or chemical treatments were addressed in terms of their effects on functional group properties and copper removal. Product development was guided by experimental characterization (potentiometric titrations, IR spectra, copper biosorption, total surface area) and theoretical modeling of acid-base properties. Olive pomace was characterized by negative charge due to dissociation of two weakly acidic sites (carboxylic and phenolic). After thermal treatment, a char-like material was obtained, characterized by basic sites with positive charge in the acidic pH range. Copper biosorption properties of this material were improved with respect to olive pomace due to the binding ability of pyrone-like sites. Both native and carbonized olive pomace samples were chemically treated by HNO(3). Experimental tests were performed according to factorial designs and analysis of variance was used to evaluate significant effects on copper removal of both oxidant concentration and temperature. Chemical treatment by HNO(3) of carbonized material developed negatively charged groups in the acidic pH range (carboxylic groups), but presented a decreased copper removal. Chemical treatment by HNO(3) of olive pomace without carbonization gave biosorbents with acid-base properties similar to those of native olive pomace, but with a significant increase of copper biosorption. Specific carboxylic-copper interactions indicated by IR spectra and increased surface area due to chemical treatment were simultaneously responsible for such improvement.     

巨型钢框架结构地震响应分析

应用振型分解反应谱法对巨型钢框架结构的抗震性能作了深入的研究。引入动轴力系数作为结构的抗震性能指标 ,综合比较了地震维数、参与组合的振型数、结构刚度、模态合并方法等设计参数对结构地震响应的影响 ,并探讨了增强结构抗震能力的设计方法 ,对实际工程有较高的参考价值     

独栋住宅土壤源热泵系统冬季供暖实证研究

本文以1栋上海地区独栋住宅为对象,对土壤源热泵系统冬季供暖性能和能效进行了实证研究.通过对系统运行参数的连续监测,实证了地埋管换热器每米埋管取热量、机组与系统的COP及系统节能率等指标.结果表明:地埋管换热器出水温度及循环温差较为稳定,埋管换热量为27 ～ 32 W/m;系统能效受部分负荷率影响较大,整个测试期系统COP在3.3～3.9之间;在满足同等舒适性条件下,土壤源热泵系统比空气源热泵节能31.0％,节能效果明显.     

Enhanced sound absorption properties of porous ceramics modified by graphene oxide films

Under the condition of constant thickness, improving the low-frequency sound absorption performance of conventional sound-absorbing materials is a challenging research topic. To address this issue, a new reduced graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol (RGO/PVA) porous composite ceramic was fabricated using freeze-drying and optimized by redesigning the internal connecting pores of porous ceramic matrixes with a reticular microstructure using RGO and PVA. The as-prepared porous structure showed significant enhancement in the low-frequency sound absorption band compared with pristine porous ceramics. In addition, the hybrid porous ceramics exhibited low thermal conductivity. These favorable properties indicate that the hybrid sound-absorbing ceramics have potential application prospects for noise reduction in the fields of construction and electrical and mechanical devices.     

Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Berberine in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Berberine Hydrochloride in Normal and Post Inflammation Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats

In the present study, post inflammation irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) rats were firstly established by intracolonic instillation of acetic acid with restraint stress. Then the pharmacokinetics of berberine in the rat plasma were compared after oral administration of berberine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg) to normal rats and PI-IBS rats. Quantification of berberine in the rat plasma was achieved by using a sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method. Plasma samples were collected at 15 different points in time and the pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by WinNonlin software. Compared with the normal group, area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve from zero to last sampling time (AUC_0–t) and total body clearance (CL/F) in the model group significantly increased or decreased, (2039.49 ± 492.24 vs. 2763.43 ± 203.14; 4999.34 ± 1198.79 vs. 3270.57 ± 58.32) respectively. The results indicated that the pharmacokinetic process of berberine could be altered in PI-IBS pathological conditions.     

C60-卤代苯吡咯烷的合成及光谱表征

合成了一种新的C60-卤代苯吡咯烷衍生物1,以1HNMR、13CNMR、FT-IR、FAB-MS和UV进行了结构表征.测量其在甲苯溶液中的荧光发射光谱,并在此最大发射波长下测得其荧光寿命为5.26ns,而C60在室温的荧光寿命大约是1.2ns。说明C60-卤代苯吡咯烷(1)在激光激发下发生了加成基团苯环与母体C60之间的分子内能量转移和电荷传递,有可能产生长寿命的电荷分离态。理论计算化合物1的电子结构和前线轨道进一步验证了上述结果。