基于BP神经网络的超声表面波定量表征金属表层裂纹深度研究

针对超声参量-目标特征经验拟合方法预测金属表层裂纹深度准确性不高的问题,提出一种基于差异性与最小集合原则优选特征并训练BP神经网络的金属表层裂纹深度的声表面波(SAW)定量表征技术。该技术运用有限元法模拟激光激发SAW过程,提取裂纹引起的反射与透射SAW峰值、平均值等多个特征训练BP神经网络用以预测裂纹深度,实现不锈钢表层深度0. 1～2. 0 mm的20组开口裂纹定量表征。模拟结果表明:裂纹深度预测结果相对误差在3%以内,与经验拟合曲线预测结果相比,准确率提高60%以上。实验采用5 MHz表面波探头采集不锈钢试样表层深度1. 0与1. 5 mm预加工裂纹各20个反射波信号,通过BP神经网络预测的裂纹深度相对误差在0. 1%以内,验证了定量表征技术的可行性与准确性。     

电磁声谐振对Q235钢压缩形变评价研究

结构件塑性变形检测是设备安全运维中值得注意的重要问题。针对常见的Q235钢材料塑性变形问题,提出了一种基于电磁换能器谐振模式的非接触超声检测的方法。有别于传统的超声回波反射时差法测距原理,共振所产生的谐振超声能够显著增强电磁声谐振点的声波幅值,利用超声波在试件内共振方式实现更高精确的厚度检测。通过双波压缩叠加法及双波压缩叠乘法能够有效改善电磁声谐振信噪比并实现谐振点的提取。通过对标准试件的厚度测量,其厚度测量绝对误差控制在0. 2%以下,最后利用电磁声谐振实现对不同轴向压力载荷下Q235试件的形变测量。     

Optimization of acoustic performances of a new tung oleic acid-based composite polyurethane foam

Bio-based polyurethane (PU) foam, different from traditional PU foam, is a new green environmental acoustic material. It can be used in the field of automobiles. In this work, a new tung oleic acid-based composite PU (TOAPU) foam was prepared using tung oleic acid-based polyol and polyether polyols 3630. It is important to optimize the formulation of TOAPU foam for better acoustic performance. The effect of each component on the acoustic performance of TOAPU is ordered by screening test. A1, silicone, and A33, the three components that have the greatest impact on the acoustic performance of TOAPU, are used as variables. The response surface method is used to create the model of the effects of different components on the acoustic properties of TOAPU. The model was optimized by using nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II method. The optimized acoustic performance property of TOAPU foams was synthesized by adding 0.27 g of A1, 1.03 g of A33, and 2.81 g of silicone oil. The experimental results show that the mean sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss can reach 0.515 and 21.389 dB. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47861.     

汽车降噪用非织造材料的应用及展望

介绍汽车噪声的产生机理、传播途径及控制方法,概述降噪用非织造材料在汽车上的应用情况和国内外研究现状,指出汽车用非织造降噪材料的发展方向,为汽车用非织造降噪材料的发展提供参考建议.     

Evaluation of apple texture with contact acoustic emission detector: A study on performance of calibration models

Performance of calibration models for evaluation of apples sensory texture with contact acoustic emission detector (CAED) was studied. For model evaluation and testing, 2500 apples of 19 cultivars were harvested over two seasons. Apples were stored at normal atmosphere (NA), controlled atmosphere (CA) for different periods or were treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in order to obtain a high variability of texture and fruit maturity. Apples were tested simultaneously in two distinct laboratories. The models were created and validated on averaged values from 10 fruits using simple linear regression, multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal component regression (PCR). Performance statistics of the models were expressed in terms of determination coefficient (R²), root mean square errors of cross validation (RMSECV) or prediction (RMSEP) and ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD). Firmness and total acoustic emission counts were predictors of sensory texture in the models. MLR and PCR models show better performance for prediction of sensory data than simple linear regression models however PCR models show the best results among models tested in this study. Common PCR models for several cultivars allow for successful prediction of hardness (RPD > 2.0), crispness and overall texture (1.5 < RPD < 2.0). The single-cultivar PCR models, constructed on data sets containing 26-39 averaged values, reveal significantly better performance (RPD > 2.0 for most of the cases) than the common PCR models for many varieties.     

界面层对三维机织角联锁SiCf/SiC复合材料断裂韧性的影响

为探究界面层对SiC_f/SiC复合材料性能的影响,选用国产第3代SiC纤维,通过先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备了热解碳(PyC)、热解碳/碳化硅(PyC/SiC)、氮化硼(BN)、氮化硼/碳化硅(BN/SiC)4种界面层的三维机织角联锁SiC_f/SiC复合材料。在此基础上,结合声发射技术对复合材料进行常温断裂韧性测试,并利用扫描电镜对其细观损伤模式进行评价。结果表明：界面层对三维机织角联锁SiC_f/SiC复合材料的断裂强度和断裂韧性有强决定作用,但对其初始模量没有太大的影响;以PyC层为主界面层的试样具有良好的断裂韧性,试样P-SiC_f/SiC和P/S-SiC_f/SiC的断裂韧性分别为13.99和16.93 MPa·m^1/2,而试样B-SiC_f/SiC表现出强界面结合,具有最低断裂韧性6.47 MPa·m^1/2;但在界面引入SiC层后,试样B/S-SiC_f/SiC的断裂韧性显著提高至15.81 MP...     

双弹性板矩形空腔内噪声的有源力控制

研究了在弹性板上施加不同参数的有源力对腔内噪声进行控制的问题。构建双弹性板构成的封闭矩形声腔模型，对封闭声腔的结构 声耦合特性进行分析，推导了在封闭声腔有源力控制作用下声压计算公式，给出采用有源力控制的最优控制模型。分析了弹性板在不同参数的次级力源激励下腔内局部声场的声压级响应，并建立了仿真模型对局部声场的减噪效果进行分析。结果表明，合理选择次级力源的参数对控制效果的影响较为明显，且次级力源的个数并非越多越好。     

Poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) doped polypyrrole/tungsten oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite films based surface acoustic wave sensors for NO sensing behavior

Poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) doped polypyrrole (PPy)/tungsten oxide (WO₃)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid nanocomposite have been successfully synthesized using appropriate amounts of PSSA, pyrrole monomer, WO₃, and rGO dispersed in aqueous solution through in situ chemical oxidation polymerization. Here, a simple spin coating method was used to fabricate a nitric oxide (NO) gas sensor composed of the aforementioned nanocomposite on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator. This sensor can detect NO gas at concentrations of 1–110 parts per billion (ppb) at room temperature in dry air, with a sensitivity of 12 Hz/ppb and response and recovery times of <2 min. Moreover, its limit of detection (LOD) is 0.31 ppb for a signal to noise ratio of 3. It demonstrates repeatability, fast response, and recovery at room temperature. Moreover, its sensory performance remains highly stable over 30 days with only a 6.3% decrease in sensitivity. In addition, the sensor is highly selective for NO, even when nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, and carbon dioxide are applied as interfering gases. The inclusion of rGO (with large specific surface area) and the synergic effect of n-type WO₃ nanoparticles in the p-type PPy matrix (leading to p-n heterojunction region formation) possibly underlie the efficient sensing performance of our sensor.     

In‐plane shear damage behaviours of 2D needled C/SiC composites

Understanding the in‐plane shear behaviour of composites is essential to establish the design basis for practical applications. This study aims to investigate the shear damage behaviours of 2D needled C/SiC composites by various characterization techniques. The effect of layer arrangement on shear modulus and strength was discussed via shear stress‐strain responses. The shear strain field evolution and uniformity variation were studied by digital image correlation. It shows that the uniformity of shear strain field changes with the shear load, and the shear strain field evolution consist of 5 stages. The electrical resistivity measurement results indicate that structural deformation and damage evolution caused the electrical resistivity change. Furthermore, the damage evolution has a double effect on the electrical resistivity variation. The acoustic emission monitoring shows that the shear damage evolution is a 3‐stage nonlinear process before failure. The shear damages were categorized via acoustic characteristics. Besides, the postfailure behaviours were also discussed in this study.