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101.
Takahiro Hoshino 《Computational statistics & data analysis》2008,52(3):1413-1429
The estimation of the differences among groups in observational studies is frequently inaccurate owing to a bias caused by differences in the distributions of covariates. In order to estimate the average treatment effects when the treatment variable is binary, Rosenbaum and Rubin [1983. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 70, 41-55] proposed an adjustment method for pre-treatment variables using propensity scores. Imbens [2000. The role of the propensity score in estimating dose-response functions. Biometrika 87, 706-710] extended the propensity score methodology for estimation of average treatment effects with multivalued treatments.However, these studies focused only on estimating the marginal mean structure. In many substantive sciences such as the biological and social sciences, a general estimation method is required to deal with more complex analyses other than regression, such as testing group differences on latent variables. For latent variable models, the EM algorithm or the traditional Monte Carlo methods are necessary. However, in propensity score adjustment, these methods cannot be used because the full distribution is not specified.In this paper, we propose a quasi-Bayesian estimation method for general parametric models that integrate out the distributions of covariates using propensity scores. Although the proposed Bayes estimates are shown to be consistent, they can be calculated by existing Markov chain Monte Carlo methods such as Gibbs sampler. The proposed method is useful to estimate parameters in latent variable models, while the previous methods were unable to provide valid estimates for complex models such as latent variable models.We also illustrated the procedure using the data obtained from the US National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSY1979-2002) for estimating the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the development of the child's cognitive functioning. 相似文献
102.
基于MAPINFO和VB的自来水管网信息系统的建立 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍基于MapInfo平台,利用VB语言进行二次开发,建立自来水管网地理信息系统的关键技术及其注意的问题。 相似文献
103.
基于AutoCAD的二次开发环境下,建立幻灯片库,在AutoCAD本身所包含的程序帮助下,将已建好的幻灯片库嵌入到AutoCAD用户专用下拉菜单中.给设计者创造属于自己的开发环境,使AutoCAD在建筑电气设计中的使用更加灵活,极大的提高设计效率. 相似文献
104.
周明 《徐州工程学院学报》2008,23(3):44-47
张仲谋教授的新著《宋词欣赏教程》,是南京大学出版社出版的“江苏省高等学校精品教材系列”中的一种。该书共8章,既构成一个严谨的教学体系,又多有创新出彩之处;对于词的艺术个性有深刻的把握和精当的阐发;又善于引导学生,循循善诱。该书既是教材,亦具有学术专著的品格。 相似文献
105.
肖起清 《机械工业高教研究》2008,(2):34-37
大学在办学资源、办学过程、办学质量、办学形象的竞争中出现大量的不良倾向。大学的不良竞争是由于政府主导资源配置、资源和制度供给不足、大学系统重构等因素导致。必须通过控制主体、控制手段的转变和控制对象的发展形成新的控制机制,以保证大学竞争的秩序化和规范化。 相似文献
106.
提出一种配电网电容电流测量的新方法,在零序电压互感器的开口三角侧串联一个可调电感,通过注入一个变频恒流信号寻找配电网的谐振频率,改变可调电感的数值后寻找另一谐振频率,联立2个谐振方程求解电容电流,该方法消除了电压互感器漏抗对测量的影响。开发了配电网电容电流测量仪,经模拟试验和现场测试表明,该方法具有安全、快捷、准确等特点,适用于中性点不接地或经随调式消弧线圈接地配电网。 相似文献
107.
108.
Rolf G. Kuehni 《Color research and application》2008,33(1):5-9
Some 100 years before Albert Munsell developed his color order system, French silk merchant and inventor of a technology for producing works of art in silk velours, Gaspard Grégoire, introduced a color order system based on the color attributes hue, (relative) chroma, and lightness. Conceived in the mid‐1780s, an atlas with 1350 samples was produced before 1813 and found use in French Royal manufacturing operations and educational institutions. It was followed a few years later by one with 343 samples. Grégoire's work was subsequently overshadowed by Michel‐Eugene Chevreul's more complicated and less intuitive hemispherical system of 1839. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 5–9, 2008 相似文献
109.
The breakdown processes of oil films under quasi-static loading have been investigated by using a newly developed steel-oil-mercury system. The relationship between the thickness and breakdown ratio of a hexadecane film is represented by a single master curve independently of the indentation speed, indentation load, and temperature. The master curve shows that the breakdown process of hexadecane includes two stages; one is the decrement of the thickness without breakdown and the other is the decrement of the thickness with a drastic progress of breakdown. By solving a small amount of fatty acid in hexadecane, the thickness increases and the breakdown ratio decreases noticeably; a multilayer residual film supporting normal load is formed between two metal surfaces. Experiments at different temperatures reveal a negative relationship between the temperature and thickness of residual film, which indicates that the residual film is organized by physical interaction rather than chemical interaction. At least under a lower concentration, the residual film appears to consist of not only fatty acid molecules but also hexadecane molecules. 相似文献
110.