防空导弹装备光学伪装效果的集对评估模型

为解决传统光学伪装效果评估指标考虑不全的问题,从敌方侦察能力、装备隐真能力、装备示假能力以及环境四个方面建立了装备光学伪装效果评估指标体系。首先,采用施密特正交马田系统(MTGS)计算指标的权重,不仅考虑了评估者的知识及经验偏好,同时也消除了指标间的信息交互,权重的确定更加合理。然后建立了基于集对分析的评估模型。最后,通过实例验证了评估模型的可靠性。结果表明该模型在装备光学伪装效果评估及伪装器材选取方面具有一定的应用价值。     

防多波段侦察伪装涂料的涂装设计

针对现代战争对武器装备更高的伪装要求,文中简述了丙稀酸-聚氨酯防多波段侦察伪装涂料的组成和各项技术性能指标,并对武器装备表面伪装涂料涂装的关键技术——变形迷彩图案设计的技术要求、迷彩图案涂装的技术要求进行了重点介绍,对涂装工艺中的环境、设备、方法等进行了全面叙述.通过产品的涂装应用,满足了武器装备在可见光和近红外不同背景下的伪装要求,从而大大降低了目标的显著性,达到了迷惑敌人,提高武器装备和人员生存能力的目的.     

Hierarchical Metamaterials for Multispectral Camouflage of Infrared and Microwaves

Camouflage is an emerging application of metamaterials owing to their exotic electromagnetic radiative properties. Based on the use of a selective emitter and an absorber as the metamaterials, most reported articles have suggested the use of single‐band camouflage, however, multispectral camouflage is a challenging issue owing to a difference of several orders of magnitude in the unit cell structure. Herein, hierarchical metamaterials (HMMs) for multispectral signal control when dissipating the absorbed energy of microwaves through the selective emission of infrared (IR) waves from the unit cell structure of the HMM are demonstrated. Integrating an IR selective emitter (IRE) with a microwave selective absorber, multispectral signal control with the large‐sized unit cell structures of up to 10 cm are realized. With an IRE, the emissive power from the HMM toward 5–8 µm is 1570% higher than the Au surface, which is preventing the occurrence of thermal instability. Furthermore, we determine that the signature levels of targeted IR waves (8–12 µm) and microwaves (2.5–3.8 cm) are reduced by up to 95% and 99%, respectively, when applying the HMM.     

基于循环一致性对抗网络的数码迷彩伪装生成方法

针对传统的数码迷彩生成方法无法根据背景实时生成数码迷彩的问题,提出一种基于循环一致性对抗网络的数码迷彩生成方法。首先,使用密集连接卷积网络提取图像特征,将学习到的数码迷彩特征映射到背景图像中;其次,加入颜色保持损失来提高数码迷彩的生成质量,保证生成的数码迷彩与周围的背景颜色相一致;最后,在判别器中加入自归一化神经网络以提高模型对噪声的鲁棒性。由于缺乏数码迷彩伪装效果的客观评价标准,采用边缘检测算法与结构相似性（SSIM）算法对生成的数码迷彩的伪装效果进行评估。实验结果表明,该方法在自制数据集上生成的数码迷彩伪装的SSIM得分比已有算法的得分降低了30%以上,验证了它在数码迷彩生成任务上的有效性。     

A Thermal Radiation Modulation Platform by Emissivity Engineering with Graded Metal–Insulator Transition

Thermal radiation from a black body increases with the fourth power of absolute temperature (T⁴), an effect known as the Stefan–Boltzmann law. Typical materials radiate heat at a portion of this limit, where the portion, called integrated emissivity (ε_int), is insensitive to temperature (|dε_int/dT| ≈ 10⁻⁴ °C^–1). The resultant radiance bound by the T⁴ law limits the ability to regulate radiative heat. Here, an unusual material platform is shown in which ε_int can be engineered to decrease in an arbitrary manner near room temperature (|dε_int/dT| ≈ 8 × 10⁻³ °C^–1), enabling unprecedented manipulation of infrared radiation. As an example, ε_int is programmed to vary with temperature as the inverse of T⁴, precisely counteracting the T⁴ dependence; hence, thermal radiance from the surface becomes temperature-independent, allowing the fabrication of flexible and power-free infrared camouflage with unique advantage in performance stability. The structure is based on thin films of tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide where the tungsten fraction is judiciously graded across a thickness less than the skin depth of electromagnetic screening.     

自适应伪装材料在军用服饰产品的设计应用研究

目的 总结和展望可见光波段自适应伪装材料和红外波段自适应伪装材料的发展趋势及应用现状,为进一步研究和应用提供参考.方法 基于军用服饰对抗的不同波段,总结归纳了光致变色材料、电致变色材料、热致变色材料、相变材料、电致变发射率材料、电致变温材料和光子晶体材料的发展现状.结果 自适应伪装材料在军用服饰上的应用形式多,且相关产品在不断更新换代.结论 光学自适应伪装材料可适应不同场景不同要求下的变色需求,电致变发射率材料等红外自适应伪装材料可以用于军用红外伪装中,进一步完善可实现自适应红外隐身,人工光子晶体材料作为自适应伪装材料也可用于军用产品,目前已从多角度进行研发、实验,具有很大的应用前景及发展潜力.     

浅谈隐身涂料技术应用特性与研究发展方向

阐述了隐身涂料的发展趋势及隐身涂料的应用特性,重点介绍了纳米材料、纳米隐身涂料的作用机理和发展状况。     

Similarity of Cuticular Lipids Between a Caterpillar and Its Host Plant: A Way to Make Prey Undetectable for Predatory Ants?

Ithomiine butterflies (Nymphalidae) have long-lived, aposematic, chemically protected adults. However, little is known about the defense mechanisms in larvae and other juvenile stages. We showed that larvae Mechanitis polymnia are defended from ants by a chemical similarity between their cuticular lipids and those of the host plant, Solanum tabacifolium (Solanaceae). This is a novel defense mechanism in phytophagous insects. A field survey during one season showed that larval survivorship was up to 80%, which is high when compared with other juvenile stages. In a laboratory bioassay, live larvae on their host plant were not attacked by the predatory ant Camponotus crassus (Formicidae). Two experiments showed that the similarity between the cuticular lipids of M. polymnia and S. tabacifolium protected the larvae from C. crassus: (a) when the caterpillar was switched from a host plant to a non-host plant, the predation rate increased, and (b) when a palatable larva (Spodoptera frugiperda, Noctuidae) was coated with the cuticular lipids of M. polymnia and placed on S. tabacifolium leaves, it no longer experienced a high predation rate. This defensive mechanism can be defined as chemical camouflage, and may have a double adaptive advantage, namely, protection against predation and a reduction in the cost of sequestering toxic compounds from the host plant.     

防空导弹装备红外伪装能力评估研究

针对防空导弹装备红外伪装实施的局限性和零散性,提出了一种综合评估其红外伪装能力的指标体系和方法。该体系基于伪装与侦察这对矛盾关系,从红外侦察能力、红外隐身能力、红外示假能力、环境支持能力、人员任职能力、维护保障能力和组织管理能力7个方面系统分析防空导弹装备红外伪装能力,通过熵值法确定各评估指标的权重;提出基于加权秩和比的综合评估方法,并对评估等级进行客观分档。最后,通过算例分析,对该评估体系及方法进行验证。