纳米二氧化硅涂料印花雪地伪装织物的制备及其性能表征

针对我国适合单兵作战的雪地伪装材料匮乏、服用雪地伪装材料鲜有研究以及现有的雪地伪装材料制作工艺复杂等问题,采用纳米Si O2作为白色印花颜料,通过涂料印花工艺制备了一种兼具雪地伪装与紫外线防护性能的涤纶织物,探讨了颜料与黏合剂对印制织物雪地伪装性能的影响,并对该织物的服用性能进行了测试。结果表明:印制织物在紫外区(300~400 nm)的反射率可达到80%以上,透过率达到5%以下,紫外线防护系数高达300,有较好的雪地伪装效果和紫外线防护性能,且具有良好的白度、手感、透湿性、耐皂洗性和色牢度。     

伪装涂料环境工程体系研究

对装备环境工程的内涵及国内外发展现状进行了分析,对当前伪装涂料环境工程研究现状与存在的问题进行了梳理,对装备的环境适应性的定义、本质进行了阐述。在阐述环境工程定义和内涵的基础上,结合伪装涂料的特点,通过对环境工程工作体系的修改和完善,建立了伪装涂料环境工程研究的基本模型。该模型对研究伪装涂料环境适应性具有科学性和系统性,也适用于其他伪装装备的环境工程研究。     

动态变形伪装技术对抗红外成像制导武器打击可行性研究

红外成像制导武器精度高、抗干扰和全天候工作能力强、打击距离远,在复杂背景条件下具有捕获、识别、锁定和跟踪目标的自动决策能力,尤其适合攻击纵深的地面固定目标。在高技术兵器迅速发展的今天,已成为各国重点研究和发展项目之一,对国防工程生存构成严重威胁。文中对红外成像制导过程中的目标跟踪机理作了分析,提出了利用动态变形方法对抗红外成像制导武器攻击的思路。     

红外隐身纤维的性能分析

通过熔融纺丝,制备了一种红外隐身纤维。对红外隐身纤维力学性能及其红外发射性能进行了研究。结果发现:随着拉伸倍数的提高,纤维的强度增加;随着粉体质量分数的增加,纤维的力学性能降低,聚合物组分的结晶度、熔融温度降低;金属粉体和纳米氧化锌粉体都有利于纤维红外发射率的降低,二者在复合使用时具有协同作用;隐身纤维的最低红外发射率可达0.60。     

Changes in the Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile of the Slave-Maker Ant Queen, Polyergus breviceps Emery, After Killing a Formica Host Queen (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Queens of the slave-maker ant, Polyergus breviceps, take over nests of their Formica host species by fatally attacking the resident queen. As workers only begin grooming the P. breviceps queen once she has ceased her attack, we investigated whether a change in parasite queen chemistry may account for the change in worker behavior. Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of newly mated P. breviceps queens and of queens of their two Formica host species were found to be species-specific. Profiles of newly mated P. breviceps queens that had attacked a Formica queen, however, were virtually identical to the queen profile of the species killed. Mass spectral analysis revealed that the hydrocarbons on the cuticles of newly mated P. breviceps changed from primarily normal alkanes to methyl and di-methyl branched alkanes after attacks. The results suggest that cuticular compounds from the host queen were transferred to the parasite queen during their aggressive interaction.     

Leukocyte‐Repelling Biomimetic Immunomagnetic Nanoplatform for High‐Performance Circulating Tumor Cells Isolation

Downstream studies of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which may provide indicative evaluation information for therapeutic efficacy, cancer metastases, and cancer prognosis, are seriously hindered by the poor purity of enriched CTCs as large amounts of interfering leukocytes still nonspecifically bind to the isolation platform. In this work, biomimetic immunomagnetic nanoparticles (BIMNs) with the following features are designed: i) the leukocyte membrane camouflage, which could greatly reduce homologous leukocyte interaction and actualize high‐purity CTCs isolation, is easily extracted by graphene nanosheets; ii) facile antibody conjugation can be achieved through the “insertion” of biotinylated lipid molecules into leukocyte‐membrane‐coated nanoparticles and streptavidin conjunction; iii) layer‐by‐layer assembly techniques could integrate high‐magnetization Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and graphene nanosheets efficiently. Consequently, the resulting BIMNs achieve a capture efficiency above 85.0% and CTCs purity higher than 94.4% from 1 mL blood with 20–200 CTCs after 2 min incubation. Besides, 98.0% of the isolated CTCs remain viable and can be directly cultured in vitro. Moreover, application of the BIMNs to cancer patients' peripheral blood shows good reproducibility (mean relative standard deviation 8.7 ± 5.6%). All results above suggest that the novel biomimetic nanoplatform may serve as a promising tool for CTCs enrichment and detection from clinical samples.     

高光谱遥感影像地面伪装目标检测方法的研究

根据光谱揭露伪装的检测机制,对目前国内外的许多绿色伪装材料和多种绿色植被背景的光谱特性进行了分析,探讨了实验目标光谱模拟伪装材料的检测技术.通过光谱特征选择及空间降维处理,建立了判别函数,确定了判别规则.寻找了适合区分人工目标与背景光谱的最佳分类特征和判别函数.     

目标红外涂料隐身技术评判标准研究

隐身涂料在红外隐身技术的研究中占据重要位置.从涂料的隐身机理出发,以目标与背景的辐射对比度小于0.02作为红外隐身的评判标准,提出了一种关于涂料红外隐身技术的新的研究方向,并结合红外探测系统作用距离检验了这个评价标准.研究发现,考虑目标红外隐身时,不能盲目降低目标表面发射率.当辐射对比度减小到0.02时,作用距离比原先降低了71.4%.     

基于假设检验及SAR图像统计分布特性的伪装效果评价方法

高分辨率SAR雷达在军事领域的广泛应用,使得针对SAR侦察的军事目标伪装效果评价需求日益迫切。利用试验获取的SAR图像,分析了伪装目标和背景的高分辨率SAR图像的分布特性,引入假设检验理论,验证了统计分布特性,构建了伪装效果评价算法。根据试验得到的高分辨率SAR图像的判读结果与算法实验结果比对,验证了方法的有效性。     

Reconfiguration,Camouflage, and Color‐Shifting for Bioinspired Adaptive Hydrogel‐Based Millirobots

Nature provides much inspiration for developing soft millirobots. However, compared with smart and adaptations of lives in nature, these robotic systems still suffer from insufficiency of intelligence. Here, a new untethered soft millirobot with magnetic actuation in the head and function in the tail is presented via implementing control, actuation, and sensing directly in the materials, thereby endowing robots with multimodal locomotion and environment‐adaptive functions. Due to the soft and asymmetric structure, the millirobot not only shows robust multimodal locomotion, including controllable and transformable crawling, swinging and rolling, but also achieves an excellent capability of helical propulsion in water. Moreover, the robot also possesses outstanding obstacle‐crossing abilities, including helically propelling over obstacles (>2 body length), crawling within a 2 mm height tunnel and swinging through a 450 µm width channel. Furthermore, the robot can even squeeze its body to crawl through a tube easily via near‐infrared irradiation, which triggers the osmotic shrinking of its body. Notably, the robots also possess extraordinary environment‐adaptive functions, for example, leptocephali‐like optical camouflage in water, octopus‐like controllable delivery and variable appearance via visible color–shifting for interaction with the changing environment. These smart robotic systems would be of benefit in various fields via seamless integration of bioinspired design and smart materials.