基于运行数据的短期风电功率预测误差互补特性探析

随着风电装机容量的不断增加,风电场、风电场集群功率预测误差对调度运行的影响越来越大.当前风电预测误差特性研究主要针对单个风电场,无法满足当前电网调度运行需求.基于此,文中首先统计分析了大量风电场的分布特性,总结了不同规模风电场集群预测误差分布特性的变化规律,探索了集群预测误差概率分布的最佳拟合模型.然后,针对预测误差分布对未来的指导作用,提出了误差分布持续性的评价指标.最后,对风电预测误差研究的作用进行了较为全面的分析,并指出以风电场站集群为单位开展电网调度更具有工程适用性.     

交直流混合微电网群分布式自治经济控制策略

为实现交直流混合微电网群在孤岛状态下的自治经济控制,提出一种基于离散一致性原理的分布式控制策略。该控制策略包含子微网控制与微电网群间控制2个层面。在子微网控制层面,通过在传统经济下垂控制中引入成本、频率、电压及无功分配的二次调整项,实现了子微网的自治稳定与功率经济分配;在微电网群间控制层面,通过构造基于成本微增量偏差值的换流站本地控制策略,并进一步引入基于离散一致性的二次调整项,实现了功率在不同子微网间的经济分配。2层控制策略相互配合,共同实现对交直流混合微电网群的分层–分布式自治经济控制。最后,基于所建交直流混合微电网群模型的仿真结果,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

含热电联产机组的分布式能源集群动态划分方法

集群划分是实现分布式能源网络优化调控的基础环节。文中提出含热电联产机组的分布式能源网络集群划分方法。首先,提出综合考虑结构性与功能性的集群划分指标体系:结构上采用计及电热网络特性的模块度指标,用以刻画不同网络节点间的联系强度;功能上引入供需匹配度指标和热电耦合度指标,反映单一能源网络集群内部供应和实际需求间、源侧耦合出力和实际用能间的平衡程度。其次,依托集群划分指标体系设计电网和热网2个层面的优化目标作为集群划分的依据,采用Louvain社区检测算法生成以热电联产为中心的电热双重集群。最后,通过实际算例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

面向新能源消纳能力评估的年负荷序列建模及场景生成方法

全年负荷序列是开展中国省级电网新能源消纳能力评估的基础,文中提出了基于聚类分析和马尔可夫链技术的年负荷序列建模和场景生成方法。首先,通过自组织映射对历史负荷数据进行典型日聚类分析,并采用离散马尔可夫链描述不同典型日之间的状态转移特性。针对每类典型日,采用核密度估计和t-Copula函数构建日负荷特性指标的联合概率分布模型。然后,通过马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛随机抽样生成每日的典型日状态和日负荷特性指标。最后,通过构建日负荷序列优化模型,实现每日负荷序列的优化重构,直至生成全年负荷序列场景。算例基于中国某省级电网全年负荷数据进行测试,并利用所生成的负荷序列场景开展未来年度新能源消纳能力的评估,结果验证了所提方法的有效性及实用性。     

INFLUENCE OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON HYDROGEN DIFFUSION USING SCM-DV-Xα

The influence of alloy composition (Ti,Mn,TiN) on hydrogen diffusion in Fe was studied in detail using SCM-DV-Xα method.The voltage barriers were obtained via calculation on Fe clusters containing the alloy elements such as Ti,Mn as well as the chemical compound TiN respectively.The results showed that Ti element produced deep trap in Fe,decreasing the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen elements，Mn element did not produce deep trap in Fe,decreasing the diffusion coefficient slightly and TiN in Fe produced very deep “trap” decreasing the diffusion coefficient obviously.The calculation results were in agreement with experiment results.     

竞争型小波神经网络在零件分类中的应用

文章将小波分析与竞争型神经网络相结合,构造了适应于零件分类的竞争型小波神经网络(CWN)。首先对零件先进行小波多尺度边缘检测,然后采用不变矩方法提取零件的特征,最后送入CWN加以分类。分类结果表明,CWN对相似零件能够有效分类,并且有一定的鲁棒性。     

金属氚化物的时效和时效效应

结合贮氚材料在核技术中的应用，简要介绍了目前关于^3He在氚化物中的存在和演化行为、延缓。^3He从材料中析出的可能途径以及氚时效对氚化物性能影响的研究进展，并对几种单质氚化物的固He性能进行了比较．为了对照理解，也简要介绍了高能辐照产生的He在材料中的存在行为．     

Effect of gas composition on cementite decomposition and coke formation on iron

Cementite decomposition and coke formation in the metal dusting process of iron were investigated at 700 °C in CO-H₂-H₂O gas mixtures. The presence of graphite deposited on the surface initiates the decomposition of cementite into iron and graphite. The morphology of the reaction products varies with gas composition. For CO concentrations less than 5 vol%, particles of iron or even closed iron layers have been observed at the cementite/graphite interface. With increasing CO content the amount of iron in the interface decreases. At CO concentrations higher than 30 vol%, iron could not be detected at the interface by optical microscopy. Thermo-gravimetric analysis shows that the rate of carbon take-up increases with increasing CO concentration reaching a maximum at about 60-75 vol%.The morphologies of graphite in the coke layer can be identified as three types: porous graphite clusters with embedded iron-containing particles, compact bulk graphite with a uniform thickness and a columnar layered structure, and filamentous carbon with iron-containing phases at the tip or along its length. For gas mixtures with low CO concentrations, e.g. 5 vol%, porous graphite clusters are the main form of carbon although filamentous carbon can be seen at the early stage of reaction. With increasing CO concentrations to, e.g. 30 vol%, a compact bulk graphite is formed on the top of the surface. Under this compact graphite, there is an inner layer of graphite which is the combination of porous graphite clusters and filaments. These two layers of graphite are clearly distinguishable when CO content reaches more than 75 vol%. In this case, the main form of graphite in the inner layer is filamentous carbon. The compact graphite layer suffers a serious deformation and forms many cracks because of the growth of catalytic filamentous carbon underneath. These filaments grow outside from compact graphite crevices and finally cover the whole surface. The higher the CO content in the gas, the more the tendency of filamentous carbon formation. The interplay between morphologies of carbon formation and metal dusting has been discussed.     

Effect of copper addition on the thermal contraction of indium melt clusters

The structure of In-1%Cu and In-5%Cu (mass fraction) alloy melts were studied at different temperatures above liquidus by using a high-temperature X-ray diffractometer and were compared with that of pure In melt. Experimental results show that with the addition of 1% Cu or 5% Cu, the thermal contraction phenomenon of atom clusters occurs in melts with the temperature increasing like pure In melt. With the addition of 1% Cu, the thermal contraction of atom clusters increases and the contraction is not homogeneous in the whole measurement temperature range. The sudden change and noticeable contraction can be found in the range of 280-390℃. The temperature range of the sudden change is lower than that of pure In melt. With the addition of 5% Cu, the thermal contraction of atom clusters decreases and the contraction is not consistent in the whole measurement temperature range. The anomalous change can be measured at about 600 ℃. At the same superheating temperature, the nearest interatomic distance r1 of     

基于空间填充曲线的动态负载均衡算法

针对Web集群系统中服务器的数量不断增加、负载指标动态变化的特点,为实现均衡的分配请求,提出一种使用空间填充曲线来实现动态负载均衡的算法。利用空间填充曲线可高效得将高维数据映射到一维索引的特点,使均衡器根据实时收集的各项负载指标快速定位到最优编码的服务器。实验结果表明,该算法能有效地缩短请求响应时间,提升了集群系统的整体性能,在大规模集群系统中均衡效果更好。