Development of surface reconstruction algorithms for optical interferometric measurement

Optical interferometry is a powerful tool for measuring and characterizing areal surface topography in precision manufacturing. A variety of instruments based on optical interferometry have been developed to meet the measurement needs in various applications, but the existing techniques are simply not enough to meet the ever-increasing requirements in terms of accuracy, speed, robustness, and dynamic range, especially in on-line or on-machine conditions. This paper provides an in-depth perspective of surface topography reconstruction for optical interferometric measurements. Principles, configurations, and applications of typical optical interferometers with different capabilities and limitations are presented. Theoretical background and recent advances of fringe analysis algorithms, including coherence peak sensing and phase-shifting algorithm, are summarized. The new developments in measurement accuracy and repeatability, noise resistance, self-calibration ability, and computational efficiency are discussed. This paper also presents the new challenges that optical interferometry techniques are facing in surface topography measurement. To address these challenges, advanced techniques in image stitching, on-machine measurement, intelligent sampling, parallel computing, and deep learning are explored to improve the functional performance of optical interferometry in future manufacturing metrology.     

高精度保偏光纤拍长测试

基于光相干域偏光测试技术,提出了一种高精度的保偏光纤拍长测试方法,实现了不同结构、不同尺寸保偏光纤的拍长测试。阐述了光相干域偏光测试技术原理并推导出测量方程;以迈克尔逊干涉仪为基础建立了测试系统并采用调制解调技术实现了信号的高精度检测。实验结果表明,系统的测量精度为0.01 mm。在此系统上进行了测试精度和重复性研究并对不同结构和尺寸的八种保偏光纤进行了实际测量,拍长测量精度和重复性均优于0.01 mm。     

Investigating Biomarkers for USH2A Retinopathy Using Multimodal Retinal Imaging

Pathogenic mutations in USH2A are a leading cause of visual loss secondary to non-syndromic or Usher syndrome-associated retinitis pigmentosa (RP). With an increasing number of RP-targeted clinical trials in progress, we sought to evaluate the photoreceptor topography underlying patterns of loss observed on clinical retinal imaging to guide surrogate endpoint selection in USH2A retinopathy. In this prospective cross-sectional study, twenty-five patients with molecularly confirmed USH2A-RP underwent fundus autofluorescence (FAF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) retinal imaging. Analysis comprised measurement of FAF horizontal inner (IR) and outer (OR) hyperautofluorescent ring diameter; SD-OCT ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) width, normalised EZ reflectance; AOSLO foveal cone density and intact macular photoreceptor mosaic (IMPM) diameter. Thirty-two eyes from 16 patients (mean age ± SD, 36.0 ± 14.2 years) with USH2A-associated Usher syndrome type 2 (n = 14) or non-syndromic RP (n = 2) met the inclusion criteria. Spatial alignment was observed between IR-EZ and OR-ELM diameters/widths (p < 0.001). The IMPM border occurred just lateral to EZ loss (p < 0.001), although sparser intact photoreceptor inner segments were detected until ELM disruption. EZ width and IR diameter displayed a biphasic relationship with cone density whereby slow cone loss occurred until retinal degeneration reached ~1350 μm from the fovea, beyond which greater reduction in cone density followed. Normalised EZ reflectance and cone density were significantly associated (p < 0.001). As the strongest correlate of cone density (p < 0.001) and best-corrected visual acuity (p < 0.001), EZ width is the most sensitive biomarker of structural and functional decline in USH2A retinopathy, rendering it a promising trial endpoint.     

基于符号相干因子加权的双层介质频域 相干复合平面波成像

为同时提高双层介质下超声相干复合平面波(CPWC)成像的质量和效率,提出一种频域波束形成与符号相干因子加权(SCF)相结合的算法。提取平面波数据的相位符号,通过修正后的频域波束形成算法对其进行波场外推。利用外推后的相位符号构建SCF加权因子对波束形成后的平面波图像进行自适应加权。结果表明,经过SCF加权,时域和频域波束形成后图像中缺陷的平均半峰值宽度基本相同,分别为时域DAS的78%和75%,频域图像的信噪比高于时域5 dB左右,在提供相同分辨率和信噪比的前提下,相比于时域波束形成下的SCF加权算法,本文所提的复合算法成像效率提升4倍以上,同时兼顾较高的成像质量和较低的运算复杂度,进而形成一种适用于双层介质无损检测的高质量、低复杂度的超声相控阵成像技术。     

地震新技术在低级序断层识别中的应用

胜利油区断块油藏主要分布于东辛和利津等44个油田,动用储量占油区储量的33．8％,年产油量占32．7％,在油区内占有重要的地位。由于油田开发难度越来越大,对低级序断层的识别和分析成为影响复杂断块油田开发的重要因素。随着开发地震技术的不断发展,对这类断层的研究成为可能,文中从多角度研究了几种开发地震技术在低级序断层识别和分析研究中的综合应用。通过综合应用地质、地震、测井、开发动态等资料,多方位地判识低序级断层的存在,进一步深化低级序断层对剩余油分布和油田开发影响的研究。     

渤海湾盆地新北油田馆上段储层预测方法

针对新北油田河流相储层横向变化快、探井少的特点及地震预测河道砂体存在多解性的问题,以地质、测井、地震资料分析为基础,从精确地层标定入手,应用相干体分析进行微构造解释,以寻找各级别大小断层附近的河道砂体为目标,应用多种地震属性参数识别砂体,分析确定振幅属性能敏感地反映该区砂体的边界及变化带,可定性预测砂体分布范围,结合对砂体的初步认识,应用稀疏脉冲波阻抗反演定量预测含油砂体,为寻找有利的勘探目标和新区方案的编制奠定了基础。     

软件文档质量的度量方法研究

软件文档的质量一直是软件开发人员,尤其是软件评测人员关注的问题.目前软件文档的质量存在着较多的问题,但是却没有相应的方法来判断文档的质量好坏程度.基于这种状况,提出了度量软件文档质量的一种方法.提出了使用质量度量模型和综合评判模型来度量软件文档质量.通过这个方法的应用,可以进行比较客观的判断文档的质量,同时得出被度量的软件文档存在不足的方面.长期的应用这种方法,可以对软件文档的编写质量进行循序渐进的改进,从而得到让使用人员满意的软件文档.     

Molecular Contrast Optical Coherence Tomography and Its Applications in Medicine

The growing need to understand the molecular mechanisms of diseases has prompted the revolution in molecular imaging techniques along with nanomedicine development. Conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a low-cost in vivo imaging modality that provides unique high spatial and temporal resolution anatomic images but little molecular information. However, given the widespread adoption of OCT in research and clinical practice, its robust molecular imaging extensions are strongly desired to combine with anatomical images. A range of relevant approaches has been reported already. In this article, we review the recent advances of molecular contrast OCT imaging techniques, the corresponding contrast agents, especially the nanoparticle-based ones, and their applications. We also summarize the properties, design criteria, merit, and demerit of those contrast agents. In the end, the prospects and challenges for further research and development in this field are outlined.     

大气相干长度仪全屏自动跟踪测量软件

介绍了大气相干长度仪测量软件的升级改进.该软件对原有图像处理方法进行了改进,提高了目标光斑的识别效率,将原有的半屏测量拓展为全屏测量,增强了系统的测量稳定性.同时,升级后的测量软件实现了大气相干长度仪在复杂环境下进行图像灰度和对比度的自动调节,仪器在执行跟踪测量任务时可以根据背景光变化实时调节目标识别算法的参数,进而能...     

Design of a PLL with improved locking range and its biomedical applications

This paper describes a phase locked loop employing a low voltage VCO using modified ECL inverter cells. The VCO circuit employed, features a positive feed back scheme to improve the operating frequency. The phase detector used in the PLL also uses a positive feedback scheme to improve the locked range and to reduce supply voltage of operation of the entire circuit. An improvement of locked range of around 35% was obtained from circuit simulation (using PSPICE) as well as from practical circuit, using discrete components. The minimum supply voltage required here is 2.5 volts. Some biomedical applications of this PLL are also proposed.