Knowledge and Belief: Some Clarifications

The notions of knowledge and belief play an important role in philosophy. Unfortunately, the literature is not very consistent about defining these notions. Is belief more fundamental than knowledge or is it the other way around? Many accounts rely on the widely accepted strategy of appealing to the intuition of the reader. Such an argumentative methodology is fundamentally flawed because it lets the problems of common sense reasoning in through the front door. Instead, I suggest that philosophical arguments should be based on formal-computational models to (a) reduce the ambiguities and uncertainties that come with intuitive arguments and reasoning, and (b) capture the dynamic nature of many philosophical concepts. I present a model of knowledge and belief that lends itself to being implemented on computers. Its purpose is to resolve terminological confusion in favor of a more transparent account. The position I defend is an antirealist naturalized one: knowledge is best conceived as arising from experience, and is fundamental to belief.     

一种带有“遮罩”的ASIFT特征提取算法

指出提高ASIFT算法效率的一种新途径:利用“遮罩”屏蔽源自视角模拟的无效像素区域,从而使较为耗时的区域运算仅作用于有效像素区域,以达到提高运算效率的目的.首先,分析无效像素区域产生根源,并定量分析此类区域在各区域运算环节占有的比例,指出增加“遮罩”的必要性,特别指出被处理图像的宽高比越大,则经“遮罩”处理后所获得的加速比越高;随后,给出带有“遮罩”的ASIFT算法结构;然后,给出“遮罩”的一种低存储空间、高访问效率的数据结构,并给出离线获取“遮罩”的一种解析方法;最后,通过实验证实使用“遮罩”能有效提高ASIFT算法中区域运算部分的效率,从而在一定程度上也提高了算法整体的运算效率,但效率提升幅度受到理想区域加速比限制.     

催化柴油管式液相加氢脱硫数值模拟

采用计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLUENT,以用户自定义函数(UDF)添加化学反应和反应热,对实验室带有陶瓷膜管分散器的催化柴油管式液相加氢脱硫反应器进行模拟计算,得出反应床层不同部位的硫化物含量分布和温度分布状况。从反应床层的入口到出口,催化柴油的硫化物含量逐渐下降,且下降速度趋缓。在压力6.5 MPa、混氢量0.84%(m)、空速2 h~(-1)、进口温度633 K的条件下,位于床层高度0.15 m处出现最高温度点643.8 K,径向温差最大2.1 K,表明催化柴油管式液相加氢脱硫反应器催化剂装填合适的高径比为4~6。工艺条件的模拟结果表明:随着进口温度上升、混氢量增加、空速减小脱硫率提高,与实验数据吻合程度较好,说明模拟研究过程中采用的模型和控制方程准确性较高。     

基于学生“计算思维”能力培养的高校计算机基础教学改革与实践

基于“计算思维”的计算机基础课程教学模式,依据计算机基础课程教学培养目标,围绕科学的思维和方法进行教学改革与实践来展开研究.本研究通过对“计算思维”应用情况的调查与探索,提出了以“计算思维”能力培养为根本,构建基于“计算思维”的计算机基础课程教学模型,从理论研究、模式构建等方面反映基于“计算思维”的计算机基础课程教与学的模式建设.     

基于计算思维的“加涅式”新型计算机课程教学法

为适应军队在实战与军事训练等方面的迫切需要,我军队院校亟需培养大批知识型、创新型、复合型的军事人才,提出一种关于计算机课程的教学改革方法——基于计算思维的"加涅式"新型计算机课程教学法。该教学方法的核心目标是"两个中心",即以培养"计算思维"能力为中心和以"学员为中心"的"加涅式"教学方法。将这两种教学理念有机结合,将会大大提高新型军事人才的"自主学习及创新探索"能力,从而进一步提升了我军信息化、网络化的实战高度与要求。     

A Proposal for Implementing Multi-User Data Base (MUD) Technology in and Academic Library

Multi-user Data base (MUD) technology, and its object-oriented descendant (MOO), is one of the most exciting tools to surface on the Internet, and offers libraries and librarians a unique opportunity to participate in creating user-friendly standardized interfaces to many of our most frequently used resources. These resources include those we access through the Internet already, using gopher, telnet, WWW, and FTP, and also those proprietary databases that we currently access through leased lines such as OCLC First Search, Prism, DIALOG, and many others. MOO technology is already being used successfully to create user-extensible collaborative professional environments for educators, astronomers, and computer network systems administrators. With the growing relevance of the Internet for libraries and other information professionals, it behooves the library community to engage those emerging technologies which will aloow us to interface most effectively with the Internet and its many resources, with the proprietary databases which we depend on, and with one another.     

轴流转桨机组水力过渡过程中的轴向水推力研究

轴流转桨式机组水力过渡过程中出现的抬机现象会直接危及电站的安全稳定运行。本文通过对轴流转桨式水轮机轮叶的受力分析,根据瞬态旋转水力矩推导出轴向水推力计算模型,并将计算模型应用于草街水电站的过渡过程计算中,研究了防抬机的工程措施。     

Pulse-order recursive method for inverse covariance matrix computation applied to space-time adaptive processing

The conventional space-time adaptive processing(STAP) method such as the typical sample matrix inversion(SMI)-based STAP method is difficult to implement for a practical system because intense computational complexity arises in calculating the inversion of a space-time covariance matrix directly.According to the block Hermitian matrix property of space-time covariance matrix,a new pulse-order recursive method is proposed in this paper to calculate the inverse covariance matrix for the STAP adaptive weight,which can reduce the computational complexity significantly.The proposed method requires initially calculating the inverse covariance matrix of the first pulse-order recursively based on the block Hermitian matrix property.In the following,the inversion of space-time covariance matrix is obtained recursively based on the previous pulse-order inverse covariance matrix.Next,the STAP adaptive weight is calculated based on the inversion space-time covariance matrix previously obtained.Compared with the conventional SMI-based STAP algorithms,the computational complexity of the proposed method is reduced to more than 50% for the same clutter suppression performance.This method can be applied to practical systems benefiting from small computational complexity and stable clutter suppression performance.     

一个模拟网格上并行作业调度的离散事件系统

为评估计算网格上并行作业的无中心式调度,设计了基于离散事件的模拟系统J3S.离散事件包括作业提交、开始和终止,作业状态可以是等待、运行或完成.事件引起作业状态的变化 ,并触发网格层次或本地层次调度.作业由网格工作负荷模型产生,该模型基于并行计算机工作负荷模型构建.网格层次调度通过网格调度器之间的协作完成.本地层次调度模拟改进的装填法,使作业可有不同的调度优先级.网格资源性能可有差异,作业执行性能依赖作业指派.模块化实现使J3S可模拟网格上并行作业的无中心式调度的各种场景.     

基于计算缓存方法的分子动力学程序性能优化

分子动力学数值模拟程序在现代高性能计算机上的计算效率往往很低,只能发挥系统峰值性能的几个百分点。本文对并行分子动力学程序PMD3D在联想深腾6800超级计算机上进行性能优化。通过性能分析,我们发现粒子相互作用力计算中相互关联的浮点运算严重影响了处理器的指令级并行效率,为此我们应用计算缓存的方法,将大量不规则的浮点计算进行缓存,达到一定规模后再进行向量化计算。这样使得单机性能在优化后提升4倍多,达到处理器峰值性能5.2GFlops的32.3%。最后,在深腾6800的64个节点的256个CPU上进行了并行性能测试,达到峰值运算性能1.3万亿次的27%。