温差引起管子在斜面上的蠕动现象

在斜面上布置管路时,虽然设计上满足了管子自重下滑力与其摩擦力的平衡,但工程实际中管子仍会下滑从而造成变形破坏。详细分析了破坏的原因,认为是由于温差引起管子在斜面上蠕动而造成的。     

Vibrodiagnostic parameters of fatigue damage in rectangular plates. Part 3. Through-the-thickness and surface semi-elliptical cracks

The paper addresses the analytical determination of vibrodiagnostic parameters that describe the presence of normal-rupture flat through-the-thickness and surface semi-elliptical central cracks in a rectangular homogeneous plate of constant thickness for various plate fixing conditions and vibration modes. It is shown that the most sensitive vibrodiagnostic damage parameter of a plate is the variation of the logarithmic decrement in the case of a through-the thickness crack and the second-harmonic ratio of the vibration process in superharmonic resonance in the case of a surface crack. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 5, pp. 27–47, September–October, 2006.     

A Computational Damage Micromodel of Laminated Composites

A new computational damage micromodel for laminates, which takes into account classical experimental micro- and macro-observations for various stacking sequences, is described. The first computational examples are shown.     

Material surface layer damage estimation for cyclic loading conditions using the nanoindenting and nanoscratching techniques

The nanoindenting method is based on the automatic measurement and recording of the force acting on the indenter (10⁻²-5 N) and the depth of indentation (10⁻²-200 μm). The scratch hardness or nanoscratching method is based on the continuous recording of resistance forces to movement of the indenter impressed into the surface. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 4, pp. 132–139, July–August, 2006.     

Quantitative characterization of nanoprecipitates in irradiated low-alloy steels: advances in the application of FEG-STEM quantitative microanalysis to real materials

The characterization of the solute-enriched features (clusters or nanoprecipitates in irradiated low-alloy steels) requires extremely high spatial and elemental resolution, previously necessitating analysis using atom probe field-ion microscopy. In this investigation, field-emission gun-scanning transmission electron microscope (FEG-STEM) quantitative energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis (spectrum imaging) has been applied to the characterization of the irradiation-induced nanoprecipitates in a low-alloy forging steel. Refinements in the EDX data have been possible via the application of multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) to the spectrum images, resulting in significantly reduced noise in the images. Most importantly, MSA permitted the clear identification of other elements in these Ni-enriched nanoprecipitates—including Mn and Cu. The processed X-ray spectrum images also provided direct evidence of the preferential formation of these irradiation-induced features along pre-existing dislocations within the steel, as well as the formation of intragranular nanoprecipitates. This research has provided the first direct X-ray spectrum images of irradiation-induced nanoprecipitates in high Ni A508 Gr4N forging steel, and has demonstrated the significant improvements attainable though the application of MSA techniques to the spectrum images. These results independently confirmed the analyses of the Ni-enriched nanoprecipitates previously conducted by 3D-APFIM, with the performance of the FEG-STEM/EDX technique shown to be comparable to that of the 3D-APFIM technique.     

A weight function-critical plane approach for low-cycle fatigue under variable amplitude multiaxial loading

Low‐cycle fatigue data of type 304 stainless steel obtained under axial‐torsional loading of variable amplitudes are analyzed using four multiaxial fatigue parameters: SWT, KBM, FS and LKN. Rainflow cycle counting and Morrow's plastic work interaction rule are used to calculate fatigue damage. The performance of a fatigue model is dependent on the fatigue parameter, the critical plane and the damage accumulation rule employed in the model. The conservatism and non‐conservatism of predicted lives are examined for some combinations of these variables. A new critical plane called the weight function‐critical plane is introduced for variable amplitude loading. This approach is found to improve the KBM‐based life predictions.     

Residual strength prediction of multiple cracked stiffened panels

Prediction of the coalescence of adjacent cracks is critical for residual strength estimation of structures under multiple site damage conditions. A methodology successfully developed for the case of crack link‐up prediction of un‐stiffened plates, is extended for the case of typical cracked stiffened aircraft panels. The proposed link‐up criterion is based on the change in the magnitudes of elastic and plastic strain energies of the stiffened panel, before and after the cracks coalesce. The strain energy magnitudes of interest are calculated using non‐linear elastic–plastic finite‐element analysis. For the application and verification of the method, experimental results from the open literature are used. Residual strength values calculated by the proposed methodology are in good agreement with the experimental results. The present criterion provides superior results when compared to the existing and commonly applied link‐up criteria.     

ICPECVD类金刚石膜沉积过程的发射光谱诊断研究

利用发射光谱(Optical emission spectroscopy,OES)对感应耦合等离子体增强化学气相沉积(Inductivelycoupled plasma enhance chemical vapor d印osition,ICPECVD)类金刚石(Diamondlike carbon,DLC)膜过程中的各种基团进行分析,并对不同条件下薄膜沉积速率以及薄膜显微硬度进行测试.分析结果发现,感应耦合等离子体源激发甲烷等离子体中存在比较突出的碳氢离子成分,从而促进形成高硬度的DLC膜.而且射频功率、沉积气压等沉积参数的变化对DLC薄膜沉积过程的中性基团、离子基团以及原子氢等成分都有着明显影响,从而最终影响薄膜沉积过程及薄膜性质.     

钻孔爆破断裂控制技术研究

提出了一种新型的断裂控制爆破方法——在炮孔内同时利用不同的偶合介质(水和空气)爆破法。利用空气和水不同的物理特性和传能性质,控制爆炸能量的释放过程及作用方向,从而达到控制断裂方向,以起到崩落一侧而保护另一侧的目的。分析了水和空气不偶合装药爆破对周围介质的作用,通过模拟试验,对爆破后水介质所在方向和空气介质所在方向的应变和损伤分别进行了对比,反映出了介质中的受力和变形情况。实验表明,能够有效地控制裂缝的产生和发展,是一种行之有效的断裂控制爆破方法。     

基于残余应变的多侧压下混凝土受拉疲劳损伤研究

在侧压分别为0.25fc和0.50fc及其组合条件下,进行了混凝土在多侧压下的受拉等幅与变幅疲劳试验,得到了疲劳累积极限应变和残余极限应变,建立了残余应变与疲劳次数关系方程,并给出了残余应变与循环次数关系曲线。根据残余应变的稳定性,也即不受加载历程的影响,主要与侧应力水平和相对疲劳次数有关,以残余应变与相应应力水平下的残余极限应变之比作为损伤变量,建立了损伤变量与疲劳次数关系的统一方程,并给出了损伤变量与疲劳次数关系曲线。同时,对单轴、单、双侧压下的混凝土受拉疲劳的累积极限应变和残余极限应变与相应应力条件下的静态峰值应变进行了比较,其结果是随着侧应力水平的增加,相应的极限应变增加,再次说明了侧应力水平的影响。静态峰值应变与相应条件下的疲劳累积极限应变接近,残余极限应变与静态峰值应变及疲劳累积极限应变的比值较为稳定,其变化区间在0.22~0.28之间,且两种比值之间相差0.0~0.2。最后,对Miner准则进行了改进,并根据所建立的损伤模型与改进的Miner准则,对变幅疲劳寿命进行了预测,其结果是较为合理的。