Improved morphology and enhanced stability via solvent engineering for planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells

Solvent engineering technique for planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells is an efficient way to achieve uniformly controlled grain morphology for perovskite films. In this report, diethyl ether solvent engineering technique was used for Methyl ammonium lead triiodide (CH₃NH₃PbI₃) perovskite thin films for planar heterojunction solar cells which exhibited a PCE of 9.20%. Morphological improvements and enhanced grain sizes leads to enhanced absorption of CH₃NH₃PbI₃. Moreover solar cells have showed an excellent environmental stability of more than 100 days. This increase in efficiency is due to improved film morphology of perovskite layer after solvent treatment which has been revealed under UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM images, X-ray diffraction and impedance spectroscopy.     

机顶盒的以太接口设计和实现

以LSI方案机顶盒的SC2000芯片为例,详细地阐述了基于此方案的机顶盒的以太接口的硬件设计和实现,同时介绍了在机顶盒中运用TCP/IP协议进行通信时所运用到的pSOSystem操作系统中的pNA 模块,最后给出了开发的两个应用实例.     

新型钝感含能增塑剂3-硝基呋咱-4-甲醚的合成与性能研究

以氰基乙酸乙酯为起始原料,用一锅法先行合成了前体化合物3-氨基呋咱-4-羧酸(AFCA),产率46％.再通过NaBH4/ZnCl2还原体系和H2O2/H2SO4氧化体系先后得到了3-氨基呋咱-4-甲醇(AFMA)及3-硝基呋咱-4-甲醇(NFMA).用SOCl2将NFMA氯化,得到3-硝基-4-氯甲基呋咱(NFCM),...     

GAP基自修复粘结剂的制备及性能

为了延长粘结剂的储存寿命,采用一步法将具有可自修复性能的双硫官能团引入叠氮粘结剂中,首次合成了具有自修复性能的聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)基自修复粘结剂。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和光学显微镜对其结构和表面形貌进行表征,在此基础上,通过自修复前后拉伸强度的变化,考察了不同自修复温度和不同自修复时间下的自修复效率。结果显示:合成的GAP基自修复粘结剂具有聚氨酯结构,60℃下24 h后表面裂纹基本愈合完全。提高自修复温度和延长自修复时间,均有助于提高体系的自修复效率。同时随着交联剂质量分数的增加,自修复效率先提高后降低,其中交联剂质量分数为8%的配方,自修复效率可达98.2%,相对于自修复效率为61.7%的对比样,表明双硫官能团的引入能够提高体系的自修复效率。     

Study on Characteristics of Various RF Transmission Line Structures on PES Substrate for Application to Flexible MMIC

In this work, the coplanar waveguide is fabricated on a PES (poly[ether sulfone]) substrate for application to a flexible monolithic microwave integrated circuit, and its RF characteristics were thoroughly investigated. The quality factor of the coplanar waveguide on PES is 40.3 at a resonance frequency of 46.7 GHz. A fishbone‐type transmission line (FTTL) structure is also fabricated on the PES substrate, and its RF characteristics are investigated. The wavelength of the FTTL on PES is 5.11 mm at 20 GHz, which is 55% of the conventional coplanar waveguide on PES. Using the FTTL, an impedance transformer is fabricated on PES. The size of the impedance transformer is 0.318 mm × 0.318 mm, which is 69.2% of the size of the transformer fabricated by the conventional coplanar waveguide on PES. The impedance transformer showed return loss values better than –12.9 dB from 5 GHz to 50 GHz and an insertion loss better than –1.13 dB in the same frequency range.     

功能化纳米SiO2-聚醚砜/BMI-酚醛环氧树脂复合材料的固化动力学与性能

以4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷（DDM）为固化剂、双马来酰亚胺（BMI）和酚醛环氧树脂（F51）为基体、聚醚砜（PES）为增韧剂、硅烷偶联剂KH560功能化纳米SiO₂（KH-SiO₂）为改性剂,采用原位聚合法制备了KH-SiO₂-PES/BMI-F51复合材料,并通过非等温DSC确定了复合材料的固化工艺及固化反应动力学。根据Kissinger方程和Ozawa方程求得体系的表观活化能分别为96.03 kJ/mol和99.18 kJ/mol。FTIR测试结果表明:KH-SiO₂改性效果良好,不饱和双键和环氧基特征峰消失,BMI中C=C双键和F51中环氧基在DDM作用下参与了体系的固化反应。SEM结果表明:PES树脂和KH-SiO₂含量适当时,PES树脂和KH-SiO₂在树脂基体中分散均匀,断裂纹不规则杂乱发展,KH-SiO₂-PES/BMI-F51复合材料呈韧性断裂。力学性能测试和热失重测试表明:当PES含量为4wt%,KH-SiO₂含量为1.5wt%时,KH-SiO₂-PES/BMI-F51复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度分别为156.23 MPa、4.18 GPa和20.89 kJ/m2,较BMI-F51基体分别提高了49.7%、29.4%和82.8%;KH-SiO₂-PES/BMI-F51复合材料的热分解温度为393.1℃,残重率为50%时,分解温度高达523.1℃,耐热性十分优异。KH-SiO₂-PES/BMI-F51复合材料的力学性能和耐热性有了较大提高,为拓展F51及BMI的应用范围提供了一定的理论数据。      

新型耐高温复合反渗透膜的制备与性能

以杂萘联苯聚芳醚腈酮超滤膜为基膜,间苯二胺作为水相单体、均苯三甲酰氯作为有机相单体,通过界面聚合法制备了新型耐高温聚芳香酰胺复合反渗透膜.研究了单体浓度、反应时间对膜性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱仪表征了界面聚合反应前后膜表面形貌和化学结构的变化,并对膜的耐高温性能进行了考察.随着操作温度从20℃升高到95℃,膜的脱盐率保持在97.9%,通量从7.4 L/(m~2·h)上升至31.4 L/(m~2·h);膜在沸水中煮沸至3 h,其脱盐率基本不变而通量先增加后趋于稳定,表明杂萘联苯聚芳醚腈酮复合反渗透膜具有优良的耐高温性能.     

3D Printing of Dual-Cure Networks Based on (Meth)acrylate/Bispropargyl Ether Building Blocks

In recent years, dual-cure chemistry has been exploited to realize interpenetrating networks (IPNs) that provide enhanced thermo-mechanical properties. In this contribution, photoinduced curing of (meth)acrylates is used to build the desired 3D structure, whereas the thermally triggered polymerization reaction of 2H-chromene functionalized building blocks is utilized to create the IPN. This strategy combines the advantages of traditional UV-curable monomers with high-performance thermosets. After the successful synthesis of the bispropargyl ether derivative, i.e., 4,4′-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis((ethynyloxy)benzene), its thermally induced conversion to the corresponding 2H chromene functionalized prepolymer is studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The network formation as well as the printability of various formulations containing different amounts of the thermo-curable building block is investigated. The obtained IPNs provide enhanced thermo-mechanical properties making these resins suitable for the additive manufacturing of functional 3D parts for high-performance applications.     

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different propolis samples from north‐western Algeria

The aim of this study was the investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) collected from north‐western Algeria. Total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of extracts were measured. The UV absorption spectrum showed and confirmed their polyphenols constituents. All EEPs exerted antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, but no effect on Gram‐negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEPs ranged from 0.01% to 2.6% v/v. The antioxidant activity was measured using ferric‐reducing power (FRAP), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical‐scavenging and ESR methods. Propolis TIA‐2 and MOH‐MAS samples showed the highest antioxidative capacity, after 35 min, while TIA‐1, NED‐TL and SFS‐SBA samples showed the highest antioxidative potential of measured EEPs, after 3 min. TIA‐2 sample showed the highest antibacterial, antioxidant activity and highest DPPH free radical‐scavenging activity as well as the highest polyphenols and flavonoids content, compared with other propolis samples.     

索氏提取-气相色谱/质谱法测定食品包装材料中羟基苯醚

目的 建立一种适用于食品包装材料中羟基苯醚的气相色谱/质谱检测方法。方法 采用索氏提取法, 以二丙醚萃取提取样品中二苯醚类物质, 经色谱分离后采用质谱检测器, 保留时间、分子碎片峰定性, 外标法定量。结果 对于二苯醚类物质检测回收率范围88%~109%, 相对标准偏差<3.9, 检测限0.032 ~0.067mg/L。结论 本方法便捷、重现性好, 适用于各种类型食品包装材料中二苯醚类物质检测。