Formulation of new materials based on geopolymer binders and different road aggregates

The study of bitumen substitution in the field of road construction is necessary to overcome the effects of limited oil resources and economic problems. The elaboration of new materials based on geopolymer binders and aggregates was investigated in this work. Two series of formulations of geopolymer binders based on sodium or potassium were prepared with the incorporation of granite or diorite. The formulation of these binder was investigated by the study of (i) the effect of the nature of the alkaline solution by modify the pH value with base and (ii) the mass percentage of the incorporated aggregates. The time evolution study shows different aspects of the synthesized materials, which depend essentially on the composition of the activating solutions and the nature of the alkaline solutions. The formulations using these ratios (Si/Na=1.55; Si/K=1.94 and 2.96) appear the best. Moreover, it was evidenced that materials based on the potassium alkaline solution present a consolidated aspect faster than the materials based on the sodium alkaline solution. Additionally, it is possible to incorporate diorite or granite until 60 w% with some formulations. These various formulations are promising to be use not as a substitute of bitumen but in addition between bitumen and ground.     

石墨烯在含能材料中的应用研究进展

从石墨烯及其复合物催化剂、石墨烯添加剂和石墨烯及其复合含能材料等3个方面,介绍了近年来石墨烯在含能材料应用方面的最新研究进展。认为石墨烯及其复合催化剂对推进剂含能组分具有明显的催化作用;添加石墨烯后,推进剂燃烧及力学性能得到改善;氧化石墨烯及石墨烯构成的钝感剂可降低含能材料的机械感度;石墨烯及其复合物含能材料具有优异的性能,更大的能量释放率。提出了石墨烯在含能材料领域的发展方向和应用前景。附参考文献42篇。     

微机电含能器件直写技术研究进展

直写技术(direct writing)作为新一代快速成型技术,具有成型速度快、成型一致性好、制备精度高等优点,在微机电(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems,MEMS)含能器件的制备上具有一定优势.本文阐述了MEMS含能器件常用的直写技术,在此基础上,针对直写技术在微纳含能器件中的研究现状,对MEMS装药、发火电路与换能元以及封装材料的直写技术进行了总结.提出了今后的研究重点:制备固含量高、性能稳定的含能墨水,提高含能墨水装药密度;制备低烧结温度的银油墨电路,同时发展MEMS含能器件换能元与封装材料的直写技术,探究直写精度的影响因素与规律,突破直写技术的应用瓶颈,推动MEMS含能器件的工程化应用进度.     

A Comparison of the Structure,Synthesis, and Properties of Insensitive Energetic Compounds

The continued interest in improving the safety of munitions towards unintentional insults has led to a significant amount of research in the synthesis of new insensitive energetic compounds. This paper discusses various approaches to the synthesis of insensitive energetic compounds, theoretical modeling and correlations of structural properties that contribute to reducing the sensitivity of energetic compounds, and how synthetic chemists integrate theoretical predictions into the design and synthesis of new insensitive energetic compounds.     

Reactive Energetic Plasticizers for Energetic Polyurethane Binders Prepared via Simultaneous Huisgen Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition and Polyurethane Reaction

Reactive energetic plasticizers (REPs) for use in glycidyl azido polymer (GAP) based polyurethane (PU) energetic binders were investigated. These REPs consisted of an activated terminal alkyne group that was expected to give rise to Huisgen azide‐alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition within the specific pot life for a PU formulation to prevent the migration of plasticizers, and with a gem‐dinitro group as an energy resource. A quantitative miscibility investigation between the plasticizers and uncured GAP showed that REPs exhibited better miscibility than conventional energetic plasticizers. The plasticization effect of the REPs on the GAP prepolymer with respect to the reduction of the viscosity illustrated REPs can effectively reduce the viscosity of the GAP prepolymer from 6,015 cP to 150–240 cP at the processing temperature when 50 wt‐% of REP was added. A comparison of the click reactivity and activation energies (E_a) of REPs and GAP prepolymer elucidated that the reactivity of azide‐alkyne cycloaddition depended on the dipolarophilicity of REPs which could be controlled by adjusting the length of methylene spacer between electron‐withdrawing groups (EWG) and neighboring alkynes in REPs. Thermogravimetric analysis manifested REP/GAP‐based PU binders maintained the thermal stability of the control GAP‐based PU binder. The mechanical properties and impact insensitivity of the GAP‐based PU binders were also improved by the incorporation of REPs.     

Al@Co微米核壳含能粒子的可控制备与性能

为提高铝粉能量释放速率,分别通过置换和先置换后化学镀的方法将微米铝表面的惰性氧化铝层替换为导热系数更高的钴壳层,得到钴壳层厚度分别为90,150,200,250 nm的Al@Co核壳含能粒子,并对其进行扫描电镜、透射电镜、能量色散谱、振动样品磁强计,以及热性能测试。结果表明,钴壳层致密均匀、厚度可控,且随着钴壳层厚度增加,粒子的自然抗氧化能力逐渐增强;各粒子表现出典型的铁磁滞回线,进一步证实了铁磁性物质钴的存在;包覆有200 nm钴壳层的Al@Co核壳含能粒子完全克服铝粉吸热,对外表现为剧烈放热,放热量为521.40 J·g-1,是一种有潜力的新型绿色起爆药燃料组分。     

氟聚物基活性材料释能及毁伤特性研究进展

氟聚物基活性材料是一种具有冲击反应释能特性的新型材料,在军事领域具有广泛的应用前景。为掌握氟聚物基活性材料的释能与毁伤特性,推进其在高效毁伤战斗部中的应用,研究梳理了氟聚物基活性材料冲击释能反应行为以及引燃引爆、侵爆耦合毁伤效应的研究现状,着重介绍了分离式霍普金森压杆实验、准密闭弹道实验和爆炸加载实验等在释能特性方面的研究进展;毁伤特性方面整理了反应弹丸、破片及反应射流的相关研究进展,重点说明了氟聚物基活性材料在聚能装药中的应用设计和反应射流成型的研究成果,及相关的反应模型和数值仿真的研究。在此基础上,讨论了未来研究方向：建立系统性反应模型与仿真方法;通过配方、工艺等参数对其性能进行调控;释能反应观测表征技术的创新与探索以及工程应用设计等。     

三种典型含能材料热分解特性调控研究进展

含能材料在国防以及民用等领域均有重要的战略价值。其中,热分解特性是直接关系到含能材料能否有效应用的最主要特征之一,明确含能材料的热分解行为及机理对进一步提高其热分解效率或抑制其不稳定分解至关重要。以3种典型含能材料：环四亚甲基四硝胺（HMX）、六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（CL-20）和3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱（DNTF）为研究对象,从关乎热分解特性的基础物化性质展开介绍,总结其相关热分解行为及机理,重点论述了影响其热分解特性的材料结构特征和添加剂类型。发现硝基脱除是热分解发生的关键步骤,而富含活性中心的金属元素材料和富含活泼基团的有机类材料易与硝基作用,能加快热分解过程。无机非金属材料则因其具有较大的比表面积和优异的气体扩散能力也可起到促进分解的作用。以共晶、包覆、加入钝感剂为主的3种方法被广泛用于提高这3种含能材料的热稳定性能。在热分解机理研究基础上,开展热分解促进剂和抑制剂的设计研发,这将有效推动含能材料热应用的创新发展,成为未来含能材料热分解特性的研究重点。     

BAMO/AMMO三嵌段共聚物的合成、表征及热分解动力学

以三氟化硼.乙醚/1,4丁二醇作引发体系,利用阳离子开环共聚合的方法合成出3,3′-双叠氮甲基环氧丁烷/3-叠氮甲基-3′-甲基环氧丁烷(BAMO/AMMO)三嵌段共聚物。用FTIR、1HNMR和GPC对共聚物的结构和相对分子质量进行了表征,用DSC测定了共聚物的玻璃化转变温度。结果表明,合成的BAMO/AMMO三嵌段共聚物的相对分子质量可控、且分布窄,并具有含能热塑性弹性体的性质。同时用Vyazovkin的非线性无模型函数方法研究其热分解动力学,得到叠氮基团的分解活化能约为150kJ/mol。三嵌段共聚物在叠氮基团分解之后形成了交联网络结构。     

苦味酸碳酰肼含能配合物的制备及其对CL-20热分解的影响

用碳酰肼、苦味酸与相应的金属盐在水溶液中反应制备出苦味酸碳酰肼钴、铜、铅含能配合物Co(CHZ)4(PA)2.3H2O、Cu(CHZ)4(PA)2.4H2O和Pb(CHZ)2(PA)2.4H2O(CHZ为碳酰肼,PA为苦味酸),通过元素分析和FT-IR分析对产物进行了分子式推测。用标准方法测定了含能配合物的撞击、摩擦和火焰感度,应用DSC和TG-DTG法测试了含能配合物对CL-20热分解过程的影响。结果表明,含能配合物都能够一定程度降低CL-20的起始分解温度和峰值,用Kissinger法和Ozawa-Doyle法获得了含能配合物/CL-20混合物的第一放热分解过程的活化能Ea和指前因子A,表明含能配合物Cu(CHZ)4(PA)2和Co(CHZ)4(PA)2使CL-20的热分解活化能由原来的222.8kJ/mol降至186.6kJ/mol和183.0kJ/mol。