Cardiac Troponin Biosensor Designs: Current Developments and Remaining Challenges

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is considered as one of the main causes of death, threating human lives for decades. Currently, its diagnosis relies on electrocardiography (ECG), which has been proven to be insufficient. In this context, the efficient detection of cardiac biomarkers was proposed to overcome the limitations of ECG. In particular, the measurement of troponins, specifically cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT), has proven to be superior in terms of sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of myocardial damage. As one of the most life-threatening conditions, specific and sensitive investigation methods that are fast, universally available, and cost-efficient to allow for early initiation of evidence-based, living-saving treatment are desired. In this review, we aim to present and discuss the major breakthroughs made in the development of cTnI and cTnT specific biosensor designs and analytical tools, highlighting the achieved progress as well as the remaining challenges to reach the technological goal of simple, specific, cheap, and portable testing chips for the rapid and efficient on-site detection of cardiac cTnI/cTnT biomarkers in order to diagnose and treat cardiovascular diseases at an incipient stage.     

强化混凝技术去除水中有机物的研究进展

强化混凝技术是指通过增加混凝剂投加量、投加助凝剂、使用新型高效混凝剂、调整pH值及进行氧化预处理从而提高常规混凝处理中有机物的去除效果,最大限度地去除消毒副产物的前驱物,是一种经济有效的深度处理技术,无需投入大量的资金.系统介绍了强化混凝技术在有机物去除方面研究与实践所取得的最新成果,指出了进一步研究中亟需解决的问题,以期为我国强化混凝技术的研究与应用提供有益的借鉴.     

R410A-油混合物在7 mm强化管内流动沸腾的换热特性

实验研究了环保替代制冷工质R410A-润滑油混合物在强化管内的流动沸腾换热特性,探索了质流密度、干度和平均油浓度对换热特性的影响。实验测试管为内螺纹强化管,长度为2000 mm、外径为7.0 mm。实验结果表明,纯制冷剂R410A的传热系数随干度的增大先增大后减小,峰值出现在干度为0.7～0.8左右;对于R410A-油混合物,在干度小于0.5的工况下,油的存在增强换热,在干度大于0.6的高干度情况下,传热系数随平均油浓度和干度的增大迅速降低。基于混合物性开发了R410A-油混合物在7 mm强化管内流动沸腾的换热关联式,新的关联式预测值与89%的实验数据的误差在±30%以内,平均误差为17.3%。     

增敏微型FBG应变传感器设计

提出了一种两端夹持套管封装的光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)应变传感器,其结构包括光纤光栅、夹持套管、尾纤3部分,夹持套管封装的传感器尺寸小,可以改变灵敏度系数,测量精度高,适用于应变较小、受尺寸限制的室内模型试验.测试结果表明:增敏微型FBG应变传感器灵敏度高、低噪、稳定可靠,在标距范围内线性关系良好,线性度均达到0.999以上,制作工艺简单,具有很高的实用价值.     

表面增强拉曼光谱方法在食品安全检测中的应用研究进展

近年来国内外频发的食品安全事件使得公众对食品安全问题的关注度不断提高,快速、灵敏、可靠的评估食品质量与安全的能力在食品行业中十分重要,因此开发满足食品安全需求的高性能检测技术势在必行。表面增强拉曼光谱（surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, SERS）具有高特异性、高灵敏度、无损检测、可实现多重检测等优异性能,在食品安全检测领域得到广泛应用,并取得了令人瞩目的进展。本文介绍了SERS技术的理论基础,总结了增强SERS信号强度的活性基底,综述了基于SERS方法的食品安全检测应用研究进展,讨论了其未来发展趋势与前景,旨在为研究人员根据具体食品安全检测应用需求选择合适的SERS方法提供建议。     

一种基于增强信息服务的介质独立切换机制

针对异构无线网络中垂直切换时延过长的问题,提出一种基于增强信息服务的介质独立切换机制。在对信息服务实体功能进行扩展的基础上,通过定义增强信息内容和信息更新机制,并采用信道参数估测算法选择目标接入点。仿真结果表明,该机制在选择合适距离阈值的情况下,移动终端不使用网络扫描能保证切换目标网络命中率在90％以上。     

R134a表面增强型蒸发强化传热管的实验研究

介绍了国外空调冷冻设备中采用的一种新型商用表面增强型蒸发强化传热管,并对其进行了实验研究.发现对使用R134a环保制冷工质,在低热流密度的条件下,表面增强型蒸发强化传热管具有十分优异的强化效果.在实验的换热工况下,保持进口水温不变而改变管内水流速,这种强化管的总换热性能是普通低翅蒸发强化管的 2.2到2.6倍,管外换热系数是普通低翅蒸发强化管的1.3～1.9倍.     

指纹图像预处理中的关键技术研究

指纹图像的预处理在计算机指纹自动识别系统（AFIS）中有着非常重要的作用,直接制约着系统的识别率和识别速度。指纹图像预处理通常包含图像的分割、去噪、增强、二值化和细化等。在总结现有常用预处理算法的基础上,通过实验对预处理中的三个关键算法即指纹图像的增强、二值化和细化进行了详细地研究,根据指纹图像的特点提出了一些有效的改进算法,实验结果显示这些改进的算法对指纹图像的处理效果明显,可以很好地提高指纹图像的质量,为后继处理打下良好基础。     

Resolution enhanced light field near eye display using e‐shifting method with birefringent plate

Light field near eye displays (LFNED) can produce lightweight devices and address the accommodation–convergence conflict. However, low spatial resolution creates a poor immersive experience in LFNED. In addition, although many e‐shifting devices have been proposed to enhance resolution in projection system, yet those devices are too bulky to be applied in an LFNED to keep it lightweight. In this paper, a compact e‐shifting component is proposed to enhance image resolution in an LFNED by using a birefringent plate and twisted nematic switch cell. The proposed e‐shifting device is a flat and thin component with only 2.6 mm of thickness, which could be placed in the gap of an LFNED without increasing the thickness. The results show that the proposed components could be easily integrated in an LFNED with the result of resolution enhancement.     

改性滤料强化过滤微污染地表水研究

针对太湖流域某地水厂常规过滤介质对微污染水源水中典型污染物去除效果不甚理想的情况,开展了碱式聚合氯化铝（PAC）改性滤料强化过滤试验研究．研究结果表明：PAC改性石英砂滤料对浊度、CODMn、UV254的去除效果明显优于未经改性的普通石英砂滤料,去除率分别提高To．3％、12．4％、13．8％：同时,能强化对稳定性铁锰的过滤效果,在进水铁浓度为1．21mg／L时,改性滤料对铁的去除率比普通石英砂滤料高9．1％．